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From another side, continuous device downscaling identified by ITRS [10] imply the employment of both new device architectures (to improve short-channel effects (SCE) control) and new channel (to boost carrier mobility) and gate dielectric (to improve SCE control and minimize leakage currents simultaneously) materials.
At present, there is no sufficient generated knowledge and gathered experimental database on the reliability aspects in the devices with novel architecture and employing new materials thus creating a demand for an in-depth assessment of reliability issues in “novel” devices.
Difference in the initial space-charge conditions at the film-BOX interface, difference in oxide and interface charges build-up in both gate and buried oxides in the case of strained and non-strained materials as well as possible strain relaxation were considered.
Chang: Journal of Electronic Materials Vol. 21 (1992), pp. 693-699
De Meyer: Microelectronic Engineering Vol. 84 (2007), pp.1882-1885

Effect of Superheat and Oxide Inclusions on the Fluidity of A356 Alloy GIULIO Timelli1,a* and DANIELE Caliari1,b 1University of Padova, Department of Management and Engineering, Stradella S.
The fluidity determines the application field of the material for different casting processes.
The knowledge on the fluidity and the presence of data are still limited; in particular, many aspects of the testing procedure are still poorly understood and detailed experimental results are only referred to few materials.
This lack of knowledge affects not only the research laboratories but also the industrial world, and it makes difficult a reliable and objective comparison between different materials and castings, thus hindering the development of strategies to improve the fluidity.
Miodownik, Material properties for process simulation, Mater.

By extending the applicability of the robust truss models this article contributes considerably to the goals of the Collaborative Research Center 805, which studies uncertainty in load-carrying structures in mechanical engineering.Robust Truss Topology Design We first review the TTD problem [3] which deals with the task of finding the stiffest truss for a given amount of total available material.
In our particular case we aim to find a material distribution for the truss structure that minimizes the worst-case compliance over all loads from a given uncertainty set U.
The key idea in [10] is to approximate the objective by a second-order Taylor expansion and to linearize the state equation.
The material of the truss is steel with a Young's modulus E = 210 GPa and a Poisson's ratio ν = 0.3.
For SDP-R, less materialis moved to the left bars and the material is evenly distributed between the outer top and the bottom bars, whereas for PDE-R, more material is moved to the left and to the bottom.

Journal of Engineering Technology, Vol. 28, No. 1 (2011), p. 34-39
Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Surat, 2009, p. 342-346
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Series I: Engineering Sciences, Vol. 4 (53), No. 1 (2011), p. 143-150
Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 43 (2011), p. 17-20
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, Vol. 10, No. 9 (2011), p. 1363-1370

This is a key drawback because bridge collapse usually occurs as a result of the failure of single member(s).
Journal of Transportation Engineering, 121(3), 267-272
Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, 1363-1370
"Improving reliability of Bridge deterioration model using generated missing condition ratings." 3rd International Conference on Construction Engineering and Management (ICCEM), Jeju, S.
Proc, the 21st Australasian Conf on Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Melbourne, Australia, 775-780.

Materials and Methods General Situation of Test Area.
Pereira: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering Issue (12) (2001), p. 19-25 (in Chinese, with English abstract) [2] S.X.
Lei: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering Issue (05) (1983), p. 1-9 (in Chinese, with English abstract) [3] Q.
Apiwantragoon: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Vol. 135(3) (2009), p. 333-348 [12] A.S.
Xu: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering Issue (05) (1993), p. 1-9 (in Chinese, with English abstract) [19] W.L.

Nanotechnology is the science and engineering of composing and designing materials and functional structures on a nanometer scale [1].
Therefore, the chemistry method is used for the synthesis of AgNPs using environmentally friendly materials.
Experimental Section Materials.
The materials used in this research were commercially obtained from Merck i.e. silver nitrate as a precursor of AgNPs, hydrochloric acid, and potassium hydroxide.
Spring, Understanding Development of the Avian Gastrointestinal microflora: an essential key for developing competitive exclusion products, Proc.

Further methanol is a key intermediate substance for a diverse array of chemical products and materials particularly for synthesis of gasoline (petrol).
Whited, Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of 1,3-propanediol, Curr.
Nowotny, Materials for photoelectrochemical energy conversion, Adv.
Corma, Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: chemistry, catalysts, and engineering, Chem.
Caratzoulas, The roles of catalysis and reaction engineering in overcoming the energy and the environment crisis, Chem.

Nanofluids are also employed as lubricants in the manufacturing of industrial materials using grinding machines [6].
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 2022;12(1)
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering. 2022 [14] J.
Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2013;4(4):933-938
Nonlinear Engineering. 2020;9(1):398-411

Reliability of Buried Pipeline Using A Theory of Probability of Failure Ouk Sub Lee 1,a,∗, Dong Hyeok Kim 2,b and Seon Soon Choi3,c 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, InHa University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, InHa University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea 3 Automotive Engineering, SahmYook College, Seoul, 139-742, Korea a leeos@inha.ac.kr, bkdonghyeok77@yahoo.co.kr, cchoiss@syu.ac.kr Keywords: Buried Pipeline, Corrosion, Failure Pressure Model, Reliability, FORM(first order reliability method), Probability of Failure.
0.01078 0.01191 Linear Model f 0 0 0 9.72E-04 0 7.08E-04 7.21E-04 7.11E-04 a 1.6096 0.71739 1.53251 0.98055 0.73775 0.57867 -0.38846 0.51959 b 1.75991 1.23713 1.9403 2.47702 1.21924 1.78722 0.04721 1.69787 c 0 -0.06839 0.11718 0.87417 -0.08801 0.61939 -0.54912 0.56494 d 0 0 0.01552 0.26506 0 0.2695 -0.09307 0.25339 e 0 0 0 0.03218 0 0.04427 -0.00758 0.04205 Two-Phase Model f 0 0 0 0.00141 0 0.00268 0 0.00257 a 0.90138 0.67299 -2.28169 0.32311 -1.3556 -0.55022 -0.29503 -0.52683 b 1.42146 0.99725 -2.6282 1.67421 -1.16736 -0.28514 0.42772 -0.24004 c -0.03698 -0.12145 -1.77096 0.55839 -0.15629 -0.74453 -0.13276 -0.71982 d 0 -0.00583 -0.30986 0.21961 -0.15629 -0.13781 0.084 -0.13285 e 0 0 -0.02021 0.03104 -0.00915 -0.01111 0.02485 -0.01078 Power Model f 0 0 0 0.00155 0 0 0.00224 0 * 5 4 3 2 fNM eNM dNM cNM bNMaPF +++++= The deterministic method may not be accurate enough due to the ignorance of the uncertainty of variable, when the engineer
Kim, Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 270~270 (2004), p. 1688~1693 [3] O.
Melchers, Engineering Structures, Vol. 19, No. 12 (1997), p. 988~994 [8] S.
Haldar: Probability, Reliability and Statistical Method in Engineering Design (John Wiley & Sons, 2000)