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Artificial rainwater was prepared from the chemical properties data (the averages) of rainwater in Thailand shown in Table 1.
Average volumes of leachants were calculated from the data of rainfall obtained from the past 10 years in the central region of Thailand.
The volumes of leachant (the artificial rainwater) were calculated from the data of average rain volumes per month in the past 10 years in the central area of Thailand.
The data for calculation of moisture content at field capacity.
Kim, AZO Dye, Fenton-Like Oxidation, Nanosized Zero-valent Iron, Pre-Reduction.

System boundary and data collection Fig. 1 shows system boundary of PLA/starch and PET trays from cradle to grave.
Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) results of waste management The results of LCI data of waste management scenarios for PLA/starch and PET trays are shown in Table 1.
Option 3: Co-combustion in coal fired power plant (PET) The LCI data of co-combustion in coal fired power plant was developed from Fruergaard and Astrup (2010) [15].
Landfill with biogas recovery results in the GHG emissions reduction for PLA/starch of 2.88 ´ 103 kg CO2 equivalent.
It leads to GHG reduction of 7.49 ´ 102 kg CO2 equivalent.

Mt+2 and Mt +4 are deactivated by oxidation-reduction during monomer polymerization.
In the following simulation experiments the trends of the MW and MWD change have been anticipated by the usage of data taken from the real experiments.
Using the computer simulation, the prediction of the trends of the MW and MWD change in time has been made for the real experimentally proved data [9] of polypropylene polymerization by the catalytic system MgCl2/ethylbenzoate/TiCl4/Al (C2H5)3.
Fig. 4 The change of Xn (Mn=Xn·42) and MWD of polypropylene in polymerization time (according to the numerical data in table 1 in [9]).
Ethylene doses Xn 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 Number of AC Xn AC Fig. 5 Change of Xn (Mn=Xn·28) and active centers concentration with monomer addition (according to the numerical data in table 2 in [8]).

In this paper, we discuss about the influence of impurities on the grain growth during HPT and on the grain size reduction mechanism during SPD.
Data processing was performed using the GPM 3D Data software ®.
These data are consistent with previously published works showing that under HPT conditions nanocrystalline nickel undergoes grain coarsening [10, 11].
It is thus believed that the deformation mode is probably playing the major role in the grain size reduction mechanism, and that impurities detected in the (F&R) material are probably not the reason why a 10nm grain size was achieved using this SPD technique.

Combining with time domain and vibration acceleration with the composite loss factors from finite element analysis, vibration reduction effect was remarkable with the fraction of coverage from 40% to 80%.
Experimental Materials and Equipment. 42.5 ordinary Portland cement, standard sand, distilled water, Viscoelastic Damping Material Series Qtech[10] (Qtech501, Qingdao Shamu Advanced Material Co., Ltd.), Vibration Data Collector(INV3018,china orient institute of noise&vibration), Vibration Signal Processing software(v10, china orient institute of noise&vibration), PHX-20 spray machine with AP-2 spray gun (PMC instrument).
Damping capacity was tested by INV3018 vibration data collector with V10 vibration signal processing software (china orient institute of noise&vibration)by single point hammer test with two sides simply supported constraints , excited force was 200 N, sampling frequency was 2560Hz,the composite loss factors and vibration acceleration level were calculated by linear mean method, overlap coefficient was 15/16.
The vibration acceleration spectrum of structure under unit excitation force was got by analysis of testing data and transfer function (Fig. 3).
Conclusion In this study, the following two conclusions can be drawn combining with time domain and vibration acceleration with the composite loss factors from finite element analysis: (1) Vibration reduction effect was remarkable with the fraction of coverage from 40% to 80% and the combined result showed that partial constrained layer damping structure with 80% damping layer coverage had better damping capacity

To insure a safe design, environmental reduction factors (ERF) have been incorporated in ACI 440.1R-06 design guideline to account for the GFRP long-term durability [4].
Recent study on long-term performance prediction of GFRP bars embedded in moist concrete under approx. 20 % sustained loads shows a significant reduction in GFRP tensile strength, especially under elevated temperatures [2].
However, this issue is still unclear due to insufficient data on combined weathering and applied stress [4].
- For the application to bridge deck, current environmental reduction factor in ACI 440 could be considered as applicable
[6] Huang, J. and Aboutaha, R., “Environmental Reduction Factors for GFRP Bars Used as Concrete Reinforcement: New Scientific Approach,” J. of Composites for Construction, ASCE, Vol. 14, Issue 5 (2010), p.479-486

The obvious advantage is that light-metal components lead to an overall weight reductions and, thus, reduced energy consumption [1-3].
Reduction of gas and shrinkage porosities: it has been shown that gas solubility in the melt increases under an applied pressure [12].
Thus, the increasing of the strength with increasing pressure, up to 20 MPa , seems to be a consequence of the reduction in the microspore size and/or virtual elimination of porosities as well as the highest tensile strength of the 40 MPa squeeze cast sample can be also due to the reduced grain size and smaller SDA.
Salas [14] suggested that the secondary dendritic arm (DAS) of Al-3,94,5Cu alloys varies with cooling rate according to:       = • T DAS 60 (1) Using this equation and the SDA data showed in Fig. 3, the cooling rates of the samples processed in the present work can be calculated.
Squeeze casting of Al-7%Mg alloy caused reduction in dendritic arm spacing and therefore decreased the porosity and macrosegregation and increased the tensile properties of the cast alloy.

Selective catalytic reduction (Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR) technology has the advantages of high safety, good fuel economy, low sensitivity to sulfur in fuel oil, is an effective method to reduce the NOx emission of diesel engine[3-4].
Metering device is at a constant pressure feeding urea solution, aqueous urea solution injection and stop by metering device is opened and closed to control, electronic control unit and engine controller ECU communication, acquisition of diesel engine running state information (speed and torque), according to the pre calibration of various pulse good spectrum, real-time SCR system calculation of diesel engine working condition of urea injection amount, so that the components of NOx diesel engine exhaust in precise reduction to urea injection for precise control.
Among them, (3) as the main reaction in catalytic converter, all of the catalytic reduction were surface reaction process, uniform distribution, ammonia in catalytic converter of sufficient reaction time, temperature and reaction area is the key to improve the NOx conversion efficiency.
The temperature conditions required for NOx reduction. 2 Bench test research The main test equipment including: AMA4000 gas analyzers, PSE2000 particle analyzer, AVL415S smoke meter, AVL PUMA Open1.2.1 control system and AFA_T490 dynamometer etc.
The main emission data in the original ESC, ETC test cycle as shown in Figure 1, Figure2.

It tremendously reduces the lead-time to produce physical prototypes necessary for design verification by generating prototypes directly from CAD data.
Since the data used for RP is available in a computer, it can be easily manipulated or modified for any modifications desired in the final product.
The same data can be used for any analysis required such as strength, structure or mould design for a part, design of jigs and fixture and also for costing.
Design Of Experiment (DOE) experimental prototypes -are focused physical models where empirical data is sought to parameterize, lay out, or shape aspects of the product.
Similarly due to the variations in data transfer protocol, the CAD data is not available directly for Design for Assembly and Manufacturing (DFA&M) software and hence separate programming is still required.

Theory, Materials and Methods Reducing the content of alloying elements leads to a reduction mechanical properties of steel (yield strength limit and tensile strength) by precipitation hardening mechanism, and solid solution hardening.
This method is used to calculate the average size of recrystallized grains based on the data about the initial average grain size, thermomechanical parameters (deformation, strain rate and temperature), as well as various parameters of the investigated material.
Calculations using the model (13) showed that the reduction of the vanadium content in the steel from 0.05 % to 0.02 % reduces Dsppt 20 – 25 MPa - from 105 – 140 to 85 – 120 MPa depending on the cooling rate.
Five options were suggested for changing the chemical composition of steel: 1) reduction of vanadium in half with 0.045 – 0.060 % to 0.020 – 0.035 %; 2) reducing nickel in half with 0.2 – 0.3 % 0.1 – 0.2 %; 3) reduction of copper in half with 0.1 – 0.2 % to 0.0 – 0.1 %; 4) reduction of vanadium quadrupled from 0.045 – 0.060 % to 0.0 –0.015 %; 5) reduction of vanadium (from 0.045 – 0.060 % to 0.0 – 0.015 %) and copper (from 0.1 – 0.2 % to 0.0 – 0.08 %).
To compensate, microalloying elements it developed complex replacing technological influences: - speed increase cooling to 14 – 22 ° C / sec; - reduction accelerated cooling end temperature to 555 ± 15 °C.