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This concept restricts the number of metal alloys that can be studied, such as iron, copper, aluminum, magnesium, tin or titanium.
According to Boltzmann’s hypothesis [5], the estimate the mixing entropy change per mole, ΔSconf, during the formation of a solid solution from five elements with equimolar fractions is given by the followings equation : (1) where k is the Boltzmann constant; w is the number of mixed states, and R is the gas constant.
According to the JCPDS card (no.05-0708), the structure of the σ-phase is similar to that of the σ-FeCr phase (tetragonal).

From the XRD pattern of annealed sample the peaks can be easily assigned to (110), (200), (211) plane reflections of the body centered cubic (bcc) Fe-Co alloy of JCPDS card number 03-065-4131.
Wave number [cm-1] FT-IR bond vibrations 3428 O-H stretching 2920 -CH2- asymmetric stretching 2850 -CH2- symmetric stretching 1480 -CH2- deformation 1385 -CH3 deformation 965 C-N+ stretching 727 rocking mode of methylene chain Fig. 3.

Introduction Aluminium metal matrix composites suggest broad range of properties for huge number of engineering applications.
X ray data were estimated by taking ICDD-JCPDS card number (33-225) for B4C and (39-1492) for MoS2, this identifies the B4C and MoS2 phases in prepared composites. 5.3 Effect of specific wear rate on different sliding conditions. 5.3.1Effect of specific wear rate on load, sliding speed and sliding distance for room temperature conditions.

Even the small heterocyclic compounds, polymers having greater number of conjugation and easily accessible free electrons present in the heteroatoms aids in enhancing the optical properties and biological activities off the materials [33-39].
The RIT 62-Cu-MOF-1 showed peaks at 2θ values of 10.18°, 12.07°, 17.3°, 26.8°, 36.80 °, 40.32°, 42.57° and 51.05° corresponding to the crystal planes at 015, 020, 032, 040, 102, 014, and 023 respectively which are in agreeable to the literature (JCPDS card number 76–1393) For RIT 62-Cu-MOF-2 the 2θ values were observed at 17.3°, 36.8 °, 40.32°, corresponding to crystal plane at 020, 032, 102, respectively.

Moreover, the number of illnesses and ailments, and the extended periods of intense pressure have been linked to the elevated chance of injuries in different parts of the human body [2, 3].
The XRD analysis confirmed a single-phased HAp according to JCPDS Card No. 09–0432.
This pattern demonstrates the effective creation of HAp and conforms to the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards patterns, International Center for Diffraction Data (JCPDS 21-1276, JCPDS 21-1272 & JCPDS 09-432), and also indicates semi-crystalline and crystalline structure with crystallinity of 48.57%, 56.64%, and 60.08%, respectively.
In addition, there was an increase in the overall number of pores produced.
The reinforcement of PLA polymer with co-doped HAp filler leads to an increase in the number of pores formed.

XRD patterns of a) ZnO-EG and b) ZnO-PEG nanoparticles Results exhibited well matched peaks with the hexagonal structure of ZnO with a single phase (JCPDS card No. 5-0664) for both products.
It affects considerably the number of active sites on the catalyst surface and the degree of light penetration within the illuminated solution [34].
For ZnO-PEG, the decrease in activity observed after 0.04 g weight is attributed to the decrease in suspension homogeneity due to agglomeration of nanoparticles that reduced the number of active sites for catalytic reaction and hindered the effective illumination of nanoparticles surface, i.e. hindered the generation of oxidative radicals and decreased the rate of degradation [35, 36].

The influence of the number of laser pulses on the photovoltaic properties of a ZnO thin film was observed [39].
The thin film was applied without a focusing lens, with all other parameters held constant except for the number of laser pulses.
The irradiation time (number of pulses) of the laser source on the nanostructured ZnO film was varied.
The major peaks may be attributed to the hexagonal polycrystalline nature [42] of the nanostructured ZnO film with lattice parameters a = 3.2496 Å and c = 5.2065 Å (JCPDS Card No. 36-1451).
The IR intensity of the nanostructured ZnO thin film is overall affected by laser irradiation times (number of pulses).

Most of the diffraction peaks are in good agreement with the lattice planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), and (200) of the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO (indexed in the spectra for 0.01 and 0.10 M precursor concentrations) as reported in JCPDS card no. 36-1451.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology under contract number MOST-104-2221-E-158-003 and the Kaohsiung Campus of Shih Chien University under contract number USC-104-08-01004.

We showed that combining these materials can produce a shift in the PL emission peak and the shift can be controlled with the number of NPs introduced into the pore.
This figure shows that the diffraction peaks correspond to the hexagonal wurtzite structure (JCPDS Card No. 036-1451).
This also, led us to obtain PL emissions at different wavelengths when varying the number of core-shell ZnO@SiO2 NPs dropped on the macro/meso-PS structure.

Synthesis of composite materials mixed with nanoparticles is an effective way to improve the characteristics of polymers and increase the number of potential applications [1-3].
The diffraction pattern of the ZnO nanoparticles is well-matched with the JCPDS card no.36-1451, which confirms the hexagonal wurtzite structure of pure ZnO.
Nanoparticles strongly interacted with the PVA matrix, forming a more compact film that reduced the moisture or water absorption of the material, as strong interaction leads to a lower number of hydroxyl groups within the nanocomposite films.