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Mining activities led to the deposition of mine waste, which was not contaminated with trace elements, was rich in carbonates and clay fraction, and was an even better parent rock than local sandy materials [17].
This situation, according to rough estimates by the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS), leads to losses of about UAH 40 billion per year (as of 2019) [23].
Morel, Pedogenetic trends in soils formed in technogenic parent materials, Soil Sci. 180 (4–5) (2015) 182-192. https://doi.org/10.1097/SS.0000000000000135
Kučera, Rough wave-like heaped overburden promotes establishment of woody vegetation while leveling promotes grasses during unassisted post mining site development, Journal of Environmental Management. 205 (2018) 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.065
Beregniak, Peculiarities of the primary process of the soil formation on the mine rock dumps under the influence of biotic factors, Journal of Ecological Engineering. 23 (11) (2022) 101-108. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/153399

The properties of materials used in the FE model.
These two materials are considered equivalent to those of the main components, the Ch-Fr and Sub-Fr, listed in Table 1.
P(50%)-S-N curves of the materials.
After making corrections, the P(50%)-S-N curves of the materials are shown in Fig. 9
Yang, Cumulative Fatigue Damage and Life Prediction Theories: A Survey of the State of the Art for Homogeneous Materials, International Journal of Fatigue, 20 (1) (1998) 9-34

Wear is one of the three main forms of destruction and scrap materials and equipment, lubrication is effective technical that can reduce wear, reduce or avoid material wear[1-3].
Nano-materials have special properties, such as the small size effect of nano-materials, surface and interface effects, quantum size effect, volume effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, special light absorption properties, electrochemical properties and low density, low flow rate, high absorbency, high-mix, weak compression characteristics, this is not possessed by conventional materials[9].
At present, the research field of nanometer materials is constantly expanding, from the nanocrystals, nano amorphous phase, nano particle material research extends to the research of nanometer composite material[2].
[6] S.Wen: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering.
She: Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering.

Birol, Grain refinement and modification of Al–Si foundry alloys with B and Sr additions, Materials Science and Technology, 30 (2014) 1154-1161
Murthy, Casting and heat treatment variables of Al–7Si–Mg alloy, Materials science and technology, 9 (1993) 189-204
Bae, Deformation behavior of magnesium in the grain size spectrum from nano- to micrometer, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527 (2010) 1565-1570
Lu, Eutectic modification and microstructure development in Al–Si Alloys, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 413–414 (2005) 243-248
Tiryakioğlu, Si particle size and aspect ratio distributions in an Al–7% Si–0.6% Mg alloy during solution treatment, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 473 (2008) 1-6

One more interesting aspect we just want to mention here is the possibility, given for example by materials as ETFE films, to allow transparency, which consequently and very easily drives to lighting and energy considerations.
C. de Oliveira, Tensegrity Systems, Springer Science + Business Media, New York, 2009
Smart Materials and Structures, 18 (2009)
Wadley, A rotational joint for shape morphing space truss structures, Smart Materials and Structures, 16 (2007) 1277-84
Pellegrino, A zero-stiffness elastic shell structure, Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, 6(1-4) (2011) 203-212

The so-called transverse isotropic rock refers that rock have the same material constants in any direction parallel to the level, and have the different material parameters in parallel and vertical dimensions.
When fs is greater than 0, the material will be sheared failure.
International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences & geomechanics abstracts, 1998, 35(3): 301-324
Bei Jing, Science Press, 2011
Elasticity of transversely isotropic materials.

Experimental Materials Cement (Qinling 32.5R) was produced by Shaanxi Qinling Cement Company of China.
APEG was replaced by β-CD partially, which increased the fluidity and the retardation of cement paste obviously in a certain amount and expanded the source of raw materials.
Li, “Study on Synthesis and Application of a New Vinyl Graft Copolymer Superplasticizer”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 273-280, July 2010
Sisomphon, “Effect of superplasticizers on workability retention and initial setting time of cement pastes,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1700-1707, September 2010
Sarikahya, “Effect of chemical structure of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers on workability retention of self-compacting concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1972-1980, September 2010

Ehlers1, a, Stéphane Dumoulin2, b, Knut Marthinsen3, c and Randi Holmestad1, d* 1Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway 2SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway aflemming.ehlers@ntnu.no, bstephane.dumoulin@sintef.no, cknut.marthinsen@ntnu.no, drandi.holmestad@ntnu.no Keywords: Age hardenable aluminium alloys, precipitate-host lattice interface energies, multi-scale modelling, ab initio calculations.
Introduction The rapidly growing focus on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) methods as paramount to theoretically predicting materials performance is closely targeting age hardenable Al alloys [1].
Dumoulin: submitted to Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2013)

Materials and methods Materials.
Table 1 Chemical analysis of clinker (wt.%) SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O SO3 C3S C2S C3A C4AF 22.10 5.27 3.42 66.07 1.39 0.70 0.06 0.56 55.5 21.5 8.17 10.40 Natural anhydrite was provided by New Building Materials Co.
Monosaccharides (D-Mannose, D-Glucose, D-Galactose, D-Xylose, L-Arabinose) used for standards were purchased from Shanghai Bio Science & Technology Co.
The main chemical components of papermaking plant fibrous material consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
Chen: Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) Vol. 30 (2002), p. 48 [6] X.

Auto Mobile Science and Technology Vol. 2 (2008), p. 26-29.
Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Edition) Vol. 34 (2013), p. 23-27.
Proceedings of International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology(ICEST 2011) p. 168-172
Feed and Industrial Raw Material (2007) p. 350-353.
Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University (2009), p. 23-26.