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The insulated Cu wire terminals (usually Cu or Cu alloy, Ni, Kovar, etc.) of many electronic devices and components are frequently plated with materials (such as Au, Ag, Ni or tin) to improve corrosion resistance or to obtain a unique combination of mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics [1,5,7].
However, these plating materials may dramatically influence joining processes and hence joint quality, compared to the joining of the same substrates without plating.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC).
Riches: TWI Journal Vol. 3 (1994), p. 155 [5] W.
Massalski: Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams (ASM International, Materials Park, OH 1990)

The synthesis of semiconductor devises of the last generation is somehow based on the application of high-alloy materials and corresponding technologies [1].
The latter fact makes it possible to significantly diminish the considered inhomogeneities of the barrier in the contact when using semiconductor materials with dielectric permeability .
Acknowledgements This work was performed under the government order of the Ministry of Education and Science of RF project # 11.5861.2017.
Electronic processes in non-crystalline materials.
Journal of Surface Investigation, 4(5), 859-861 (2010). doi:10.1134/S1027451010050290 [19] M.V.

However, the very low surface energy of PTFE usually prevents a reliable and stable homogenization of both materials in the dispersion as well as in the final film.
Materials PAI Torlon 4000 T (Solvay), PTFE TF 2025 (Dyneon/3M), NMP EMPLURA® (Merck), Aerosil® R 972 (Evonik), Xylane© 1070 (Whitford) Methods Transmission light microscopy.
Scheler, Modification of perfluorinated polymers by high-energy irradiation, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 125 (2004) 863-873
Lehmann, Influence of Absorbing Materials on the Funtionalization of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) During g-Irradiation, J. of Applied Polymer Science 130 (2013) 1787-1793

The dielectric tunability of Fe-doped Pb0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin films prepared by sol-gel method Xiaohua Sun1, 2, Shuang Hou2, Xiuleng Li2, Tianyou Peng1, Xing-zhong Zhao1a 1 School of Physics, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. 2 School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
Introduction In recent years, ferroelectric materials have attracted great interest for their widely potential applications, including dynamic random access memories, microwave filters, infrared detectors and dielectric phase shifters [H1H, H2H].
The Fe doped PST precursor solutions were synthesized using lead acetate tri-hydrate Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O, strontium acetate semi-hydrate Sr(CH3COO)2·1/2H2O, ferric nitrate Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and titanium butoxide Ti(OC4H9)4 as the starting materials.
Peng, et al., Solid State Sciences.
Kim, II, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B.

L. saponin using microwave-surfactant Tang Kai1,a*, Yan Jie1,b,Huang Xin1,c (1 Material and Chemical Engineering Department, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong Sichuan, China, 643000) a 496739055@qq.com,b yanjie0813@gmail.com,c 457092701@qq.com Keywords: Momordica Charantia.L; saponin; microwave; surfactant; orthogonal experiment Abstract: In this paper, microwave-surfactant assisted extraction of saponin from Momordica Charantia.L was studied.
L. saponins, so that provide basis for further industrial production. 2 Material and method 2.1 Material and instrument 2.1.1 Material and reagents Momordica Charantia.
They were all analytically pure and purchased from ChengDu Kelong Chemical Reagent Company. 2.2 Instrument and Equipment A MDS-10 microwave extraction instrument was purchased from Shanghai Sineo Microwave Chemistry Science and Technology Ltd., China.
L. residues are erosion apparently, which is unfavorable to the separation of saponin molecules from the materials. 3.2.3 The effects of solid-liquid ratio on the extraction rate of Momordica Charantia.
Journal ofSeparation Science, 2009, 32(23/24): 4167－4175

Introduction Magnesium alloy is one of the lightest metals used as a constructional material.
Experimental The commercial AZ91D alloy was employed as the raw material for this study.
The raw materials were melted in an electrical resistance furnace.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2008GQC0035, 2010EHB01800, 2009BHB15500), project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (GJJ11521), project of Research Center of Material Science and Engineering of Jiangxi (ZX201001005) and project of National Defence Key Discipline Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology (GF201001007).
[3] M.Nakada and M.C.Flemings: ISIJ International Vol.30 (1990), p.27-33 [4] J.M.Li and H.Lin: Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia Vol.31 (1994 ), p.1691-1694 [5] J.P.Barnak, A.F.Sprecher and H.Conrad: Scripta Metallurgica et Material Vol.32 (1995), p.879-884 [6] H.C.Yan, G.H.He and B.L.Zhou: Acta Metallurgica Sinica Vol.33 (1997), p.352(In Chinese) [7] S.X.He, J.Wang and B.D.Sun: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Vol.12 (2002), p.425-428 [8] Y.Tang, J.Z.Wang and D.Q.Cang: J.Univ.Sci.Tech.Beijing Vol.6 (1999), p.94-96 [9] M.

Experimental Material.
The diffraction pattern for ZnO calcined at different temperature range that were deployed in Fig. 1b confirmed that the synthesized materials were of the hexagonal geometry with 2θ values of 31.726°, 34.378° and 36.186°.
Hazardous Materials 160 (2008) 621–628
Wu, Electrical properties of WO3 semiconductor material, Solid-State Electronic 45 (2001) 639-644
Xu, Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanometer SnO2, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 1 (2010) 241-246.

The unwanted materials are removed in the form of liquid slag by addition of suitable fluxes [6].
Coke and iron production simplified flow-sheet [17] Materials and methods About 25 litres of scrubber used for this experiment was collected from the two blast furnaces labeled BFC and BFD of a steel making company in South Africa.
Other materials and chemical used for this experiment were bulab 5615 anionic polymer flocculent, bulab 5031, coagulant, bulab cationic polymer, lime, soda ash and caustic soda.
Awan, Agricultural and food chemistry, institute of environmental science and engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST).
Electric Journal of Environmental, (2004) 625-628.

Damaging damp-proof course of the structure and floor tiles with no leaking in order to improve water absorption of structure material.
(5)Cleaning out waste material in collapse position.
Wei, Forecast and measurements for reduction of dust in demolition blasting, Engineering Science. 8 (2002) 69-73.
Zhang, Behavior Theory of blasting dust and its testing, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 1995.
Lv, Method of cleaning blasting fume by flocculation, Journal of Xiangtan Mining Institute, 1 (2000) 22-25.

%Si alloy Olga Budenkova1,2, Anne Noeppel1 , Jenő Kovács3 , Arnold Rónaföldi4 , András Roósz3 , Anne-Marie Bianchi5, Florin Baltaretu5 , Mabel Medina 6 and Yves Fautrelle1 1 SIMAP/EPM CNRS/Grenoble Polytechnique Institute, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France, anne.noeppel@hmg.inpg.fr, Yves.Fautrelle@inpg.fr 2 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, RAS, St.Petersburg, Russia olganb@mail.ioffe.ru 3 HAS/MU/Materials Science Research Group, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary femkjeno@uni-miskolc.hu, femroosz@uni-miskolc.hu 4 MU/Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary elkronar@uni-miskolc.hu 5 Technical University of Civil Engineering, Bucharest, Romania flbaltaretu2yahoo.com 6 Universidad National de Rosario, Argentina mmedina@fceia.unr.edu.ar Keywords: Solidification, Multiphase Model, Rotating Magnetic Field, Christmas Tree-like Macrosegregation Abstract.
Fautrelle: Materials Science Forum 508 (2006) 239-244
Weiß: Materials Science Forum 508 (2006) 227-232
[9] Jenő Kovács, Arnold Rónaföldi, Gréta Gergely, Zoltán Gácsi and András Roósz, Proceedings of the 5th Decennial International Conference on Solidification Processing (SP07), Sheffield, UK, 23-25 July, 2007, Ed: Howard Jones, pp. 405-411 [10] A.Ciobanas, Y.Fautrelle: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 40 (12) (2007) 3733-3762 [11] C.Y.Wang, C.Beckermann, Metal.Mat.Trans., 27A (1996), 2754-2764