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This approach was developed by Moës et al. in 1999 [21].
Bordas and Moran [27] and Wyart et al. [28] demonstrated its innovative use for industrial fracture scenarios.
Despite the fact that X-FEM greatly simplifies crack modeling, the following issues, difficulties, and improvements still need to be addressed in Sukumar et al [29].
Hachimi et al. leveraged XFEM to study crack propagation in 3D printed polymers, emphasizing its ability to model complex geometries and simulate crack paths without mesh refinement [5].
Li et al. [32] proposed an anisotropic cohesive damage model combined with the extended finite element method (XFEM) to predict solution-dependent kinked crack paths in FFF ABS samples printed at 45/-45 raster angles.

Element Wt% Wt% Sigma Atomic % C 1.40 0.20 2.50 O 36.89 0.15 49.48 Al 53.31 0.16 42.40 S 8.40 0.07 5.62 Total: 100.00 100.00 Table 3: The percentage of each porous aluminum component anodized in oxalic acid.
It should be Al composition in AAO prepared using H2SO4 was more than using C2H2O4 because it refers to the size of pores in H2SO4 is smaller than in C2H2O4.
But, because the H2SO4 does not distribute well on the whole surface of aluminum foil during the anodization process and as results, Al element becomes lower.
El-Raghy. 2015.
Effect of electrolyte concentration on the growth of porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) on Al-Mn alloys.

Maxwell et al. [1] developed a bi-directional AGV management system which computed the minimum number of AGV in a time-dependent environment to maximized efficiency with time ignored and collision problem unsolved.
Broadbent et al. [3]coined the concept of conflict-free shortest time route.
Proceedings of the IEEE International 2005 pp. 1453-1458 [11] Wang Huili, et. el.
Machine Tool&Hydralics 2002-06 [12] FUKUDA TOSHIO, et.al.
IECON 2000. 26th Annual Confjerence of the IEEE 2006, pp.706-711 [13] Min Gyu Park, et. al.

Recently, Khan et al.[12] have investigated the structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of Tl-based fluoroperovskite materials TlXF3 (X ​= ​Ca, Cd, Hg, and Mg) using density functional theory.
Yadav et al.[14] conducted theoretical studies of optical and thermoelectric properties of thallium-based flouropervoskite (TlSiF3).
Al-Omari, and A.
El-Abedin, E.
Khan, Exploring the exemplary structural, electronic, optical, and elastic nature of inorganic ternary cubic XBaF3 (X = Al and Tl) employing the accurate TB-mBJ approach, Semicond.

In contrast, the extension of the SC to multiphase composites by Fassi-Fehri et al. [20] has shown rough predictions at a high contrast between phases properties.
Motivated by the efficiency of the above extension, Doghri et al. [8] have proposed an improved version of the incremental formulation to better characterize the micro fields fluctuations while allowing the study of different loading paths.
Molinari et al. [39] have proposed a tangent formulation as a mix between the incremental and secant approaches.
To circumvent this issue, Masson et al. [6] have introduced a new affine method.
El ectroelastic behavior modeling of piezoelectric composite materials containing spatially oriented reinforcements.

The experimental results of individual nanoparticles evaluated by Park et al. show both dispersion and inconsistency [9].
The Zn-O bond length values agree well with the value L= 1.9767 Å which has been reported by Seetawan et al. [17].
The size of the crystallites reported by Das et al. and Barman et al. are 54 nm and 21 nm for fibrous and conical ZnO nanoparticles [30,31].
El-Desoky, M.
Al-Assiri, Effects of Annealing Temperatures on the Structural and Dielectric Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles, Silicon. 10 (2018) 301–307

The works have been carried out mainly for ZnO dopants such as Al, Ga, In and Sn.
Özgür et al., A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices, Journal of Applied Physics, 98 (2005) 041301
El Mir, S.
Shu-Wen, A Study of Annealing Time Effects on the Properties of Al:ZnO, Physics Procedia, 25 (2012)
Kim et al., Effect of deposition temperature on the properties of Al-doped ZnO films prepared by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering for transparent electrodes in thin-film solar cells, Applied Surface Science, 259 (2012) 596–599

Chemical compositions [in wt%] of the steels investigated Alloy C Cr Mo Ni V Al Si* Mn* En19 0.37 1.03 0.02 0.23 0.02 - 0.1-0.35 0.5-0.8 En41B 0.46 1.60 0.30 0.40 - 0.85 0.40 0.60 (S= 0.05% and P = 0.05% in each steels) * Specification only - no analysis obtained Nitriding was carried out in a horizontal tube furnace.
Mittemeijer at el. [21] suggested that at normal pressure there is a strong tendency for compound phases to decompose into Fe and N2 and that causes gaseous nitrogen precipitation.

Lenka Müller et al. [25] believed when the CO32- concentration is lower than 20 mmol/L, PO43- of HA will be substituted by CO32- to form CHA, otherwise it will be substituted by (OH)-.
El-Sherif: Electrochim Acta Vol. 54(2009), p. 7280 [4] Samar J.

Using the a | b | g notation of Lawler et al. [14], where a denotes the machine environment, b the processing characteristics and g the objective to minimize, the scheduling problem above is denoted Pm|sjk|ΣwjTj.
Management Science, 33, 1035-1047. (1987) [14] E.L.