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Piezoelectric elements are mainly made of polymer or ceramic materials.
Piezoelectric strains Piezoelectric elements are mainly made of polymer or ceramic materials.
The values of their material constrains are directly connected with materials used- see Table 1.
Comparison of the piezoelectric materials may be made roughly using the Table 1.
Moulson, Fabrication and properties of an anisotropic PZT/polymer 0-3 composite, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 5 (1994) 238-24

Research on Moisture Porosity Test of Liner Materials by Explosive Lining Hailiang Wang 1, a, Jianxin YU 1, b 1Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, Shandong, China aA405405B@263.net, bsdustyjx@126.com Keywords: Explosive lining; Mortar; Moisture porosity Abstract.
Moisture Pores of Liner Materials by Explosive Lining Moisture pore is the pore that can maintain water in solid materials.
Moisture porosity is the ratio of the water volume within the solid materials and the total volume of solid materials, with percentage terms, such as Eq. 1 below
Moisture Porosity Test of Liner Materials The quality of water in mortar test pieces under different test conditions in the experiment with drying method [6] is measured.
(In Chinese) [5] Hai-liang Wang, Hui-zhe Ding, Min Ma, Xin-ming Li, in: Proceeding of the 2007 International Autumn Seminar on Propellants, Explosive and Pyrotechnics, edited by Ping Huang, Yajun Wang and Shengcai Li, volume 7 of Theory and Practice of Energetic Materials, Section, 3, Science Press (2007) [6] The Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China: Water Ratio Test SL237-003-1999 (China, 1999) [7] Hai-liang Wang, Chang-gen Feng, Li-qiong Wang: The Journal of Explosives and Propellants, Vol. 24(2)(2001), p. 12 (In Chinese) [8] Hai-liang Wang, Chang-gen Feng, Zhao-xia Hou, Li-qiong Wang: Explosive Materials Vol. 30(3) (2001), p. 19 (In Chinese)

The luminescent properties of phosphors are strongly dependent on the crystal structure of host materials.
Eu2O3(99.99 %) was purchased from Shanghai Yuelong New Materials Corporation.
Park: Materials Research Bulletin Vol.34(1999) No.1, p.43-51
Tabata, et al: Journal of Materials Science (2008) No. 43, p. 345-349
Al Shahrani: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics (2005)No.16, p. 193 - 196.

Journal of Materials Science Vol. 35, (2000), p. 1181
Fu: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Vol. 15(3) (2007), p. 365
Schuster: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 32(10) (1997), p. 2715
Taniguchi: Diamond and Related Materials Vol. 8(8-9) (1999), p. 1522
Ravichandran: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 33(7) (1998), p. 1933

As regards curriculum design for students, 1) the use of color must be strengthened to increase interest in color exploration, 2) the characteristics of various materials must be understood, and 3) the five senses must be used flexibly to enhance the power of observation.
Through their course experience, the students combined different materials, enhancing their ability to understand the properties and applications of materials.
Journal of General Education(2007), 2, pp. 145-156
Science Development(2010), 453, pp. 30-42
British Journal of Educational Studies29(1981), pp. 103-114 [11] S.

To effectively detect the defects, the dispersion characteristics and multimode of guided waves in the plate are studied by the disperse simulation software, and the variation of dispersion curve is analyzed by the geometric parameters and materials of plate.
Fig.1 Dispersion curves of Lamb wave propagation in steel plate, the thickness of plate is 1mm Fig.2 Dispersion curves of Lamb wave propagation in steel plate, the thickness of plate is 2mm Fig.3 Dispersion curves of Lamb wave propagation in steel plate, the thickness of plate is 3mm Fig.4 Dispersion curves of Lamb wave propagation in steel plate, the thickness of plate is 4mm Material impact on Lamb wave dispersion curve Lamb wave dispersion curves for a plate of the same thickness have essential differences due to the difference in materials selecting, the density of the material, the longitudinal velocity and shear velocity of the guided wave propagation.
Lamb wave dispersion curves for a plate of the same thickness vary from each other due to the different physical characteristics of different materials.
References [1] Bin Lu: Journal of Jiaozuo University Vol. 1(2004), p.73 [2] Michael J.
Rapid: Advances in Noddestructive Evaluation PT 1-3(2004), p.270 [8] Shi Yan, Haifeng Zhang and Yanyu Meng: Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Vol.27 (2010), p.1

Concretely, the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and the composites Ti-6Al-4V with 10 vol% (TiB+TiC) particulates were employed as the ground materials respectively.
Chrysanthou: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 28 (2008), pp.1697–1713
Mai: Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 68 (2008), pp.583-601
Zhang: Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 351 (2007), pp.201-207
Hung: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 123 (2002), pp.13-17.

Effect of CCWC on the Self-healing Action and the Microstructure of Cement-based materials Guiming WANG1, a, Junxue Zhang1,b and Hui Chen2,c 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, P.R.
China 2Wuhan Vodolf New Materials Co.
There are two chief kind of materials, one is flexibility waterproofing materials, the other is rigid waterproofing materials[5-7].
These hydrate products by ionic transmission could block up the pores and cracks in cement-based materials, increase the durability of cement-based materials.
Ibrahim etc.: Cement & Concrete Composites, 2002, 24: 127～137 [8] Edvardsen C: ACI Materials Journals, 1999, 96(4): 448～454 [9] Dry C M: Cement and Concrete Research, 2000, 30: 1969～1977 [10] White S R, Sotlos N R, Moore P H, et: Nature, 2001, 409: 794～797

Research on Using AlMg10-SiC Cellular Alloys for Fluids Filtering Oana RUSU1,a, Ioan RUSU1,b 1Technical University “Gheorghe Asachi” of Iasi-Romania, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Blvd.
Mangeron, No. 59A, 700050, Iasi, Romania *aoana84rou@yahoo.com, bioan.rusu@tuiasi.ro Keywords: cellular composite materials, pores dimensions, fluids filtering Abstract.
The components of composite materials [2-4] were chosen to confer high thermo-mechanical and filtration properties to cellular materials [5]: - providing the possibility to use different types of filtering elements in terms of the used composite material (with different values for porosity, cell size, etc.) and different geometrical dimensions; - very long lifetime; - good mechanical, thermal and chemical resistance; - relatively wide temperature range for industrial use; - the filtering element can be washed/cleaned for reuse. 2.
We also perform some tests of superlight cellular materials in real operating conditions by making special bodies for these filters (figure 6), assembled in an installation which scheme is shown in figure 7.
Carcea, Stabilized Aluminium Foams, unique material for industrial applications, Journal of optoelectronics and advanced materials", Vol. 15 (7–8), (2013) 823–832 [7] O.

The thickness of viscoelastic layer is h in the y direction, for simplicity, supposing the thickness of elastic materials is infinite by the viscoelastic layer thickness and crack length is very small to the elastic materials scale.
Conclusions (1) The materials tend to failure with the initial crack length increasing
Tong: Composites Science and Technology. 62(2002), p. 1079-1095
Wu: Journal of Thermal Stresses. 19(1996), p. 237-265
The II 0K/pt- curve in the crack-tip of interface between elastic and viscoelastic materials for different materials relaxation time