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The results showed that a temperature of 37 °C, volume reduction factor (VRF) of 4, TMP of 0.20 MPa and crossflow velocity of 4.5 m/s were the feasible operation conditions for the membrane, and the average flux could reach 75 L/(m2h).
Firstly, the influences of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and crossflow velocity on the membrane flux were investigated when the temperature and volume reduction factor (VRF) of the PWfPF were fixed at 37 °C and 4, respectively.
During the long-term operation of the pilot-scale filtration system, the removal of crude oil, HPAM, turbidity and TSS were investigated to evaluate the retention effectiveness of foulants(data not given).

The main Image processing approaches is used such as Smoothing process, Noise reduction, Edge detection, Region Splitting, and Hough Transform etc.
(1) where is the height of roughness irregularities from the mean value and is the number of sampling data.
Fig.3 (b) shows the Noise reduction and Smoothing object processing image.

The reduction in actuation as a result of strain distribution inside the actuator is considered to improve the prediction ability of the existing model based on the Bernoulli-Euler formulation.
In this work, the existing 1-D Bernoulli-Euler formulation for strain transfer is extended to 2-D cases and also improved to account for the reduction in actuation as a result of strain distribution inside the actuator.
The uniform strain model shows a good fit to the experimental data with thickness of epoxy equal to 0.1 mm but the prediction accuracy decreases with the increase in thickness of epoxy.

The field experiment Five N fertilizer treatments were included: the traditional local level of 300 kg ha-1 (N1), 270 kg ha-1 (N2, 10% reduction of N1); 240 kg ha-1 (N3, 20% reduction of N1), 210 kg ha-1 (N4, 30% reduction of N1), and control (CK) where no N fertilizer was applied.
Data and samples were collected at the panicle differentiation stage, full panicle stage, and ripening stage for measurements of crop characteristics.
Laboratory analysis and Data analysis Plant samples were oven dried at 70°C to constant weight and weighed, ground, and their Kjeldahl-N determined.
(N1 is local traditional level at 300 kg ha-1 (N1), 270 kg ha-1 (N2, 10% reduction of N1); 240 kg ha-1 (N3, 20% reduction of N1), 210 kg ha-1 (N4, 30% reduction of N1), and control (CK) where no N fertilizer was applied).
However, critical chlorophyll meter values indicating reductions in rice vitality may vary during rice growing season.

The advantage of using nano-structured light metals is possible weight reduction of manufactured components.
In the case of automotive parts, this may contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions - one of the most important global challenges - due to the significantly higher strength of nano-structured metals and alloys compared to their microcrystalline counterparts.
However, experimental data presented in Table 1 indicate that for pure aluminium such a value has not been reached yet.
A particular advantage is in the case of vehicles (for both air and ground transportation), for which weight reduction due to a significantly enhanced strength of nanostructured metals and alloys may contribute to the desired reduction of CO2 emissions.

Furthermore, there was no reduction in the production of progenies in NiZnCNT-treated worms, proposing that the nanoparticles tested does not negatively affect the reproductive system of animal.
Despite the great potential of NiZnCNT nanoparticles, limited toxicological data is available regarding the safety profile of this nanoparticle in living organism.
Data from lifespan assay were analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) statistical test.
Data was presented for three individual experiments.
Data presented as representative of three individual experiments (n=90 per group).

But any increase in stirrer speed t did not contribute to size reduction in small particles below 2μm.
It was noted that any increase in the mechanical forces did not contribute to size reduction in small particles below 2μm.
The data indicated that gel content increased significantly with the amount of crosslinking agent.
But any increase in stirrer speed did not contribute to size reduction in small particles below 2μm.

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a method that can be used in mobile diesel engine aftertreatment systems to reduce harmful NOx emissions.
Introduction One of the major concerns on heavy duty diesel vehicles is the reduction of Nitric Oxides (NOx).
This requires advanced aftertreatment techniques such as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems.
Homogeneous Urea-SCR Reactions: The formation of NH3 out of UWS droplets follows several principle steps [1, 2]: i) Evaporation of water from a fine spray of UWS droplets, NH22COl→NH22COs+H2Og (1) ii) Thermolysis of urea into ammonia and iso-cyanic acid, NH22COs→NH3g+HCNOg (2) iii) Hydrolysis of isocyanic acid, HCNOg+H2O→CO2g+ NH3g (3) Munnannur and Liu [3] used single kinetic rate model in conjunction with homogeneous finite rate chemistry calculations to model thermolysis and hydrolysis of urea with reasonable agreement of experimental data reported by Kim et al. [4].

The simulation results show that the improved hybrid algorithm combines the only solution solving feature and noise reduction ability of the MAP method and strong prior knowledge utilized feature and flexibility of the POCS method, effectively ensures the convergence stability of the restoration and maintains the edge details of the restored image, enhances the effect of the super-resolution restoration.
The accurate degradation functions can ensure the accuracy and validity of data, describe the signal transmission characteristics of the imaging system, improve the performance of the restoration algorithm.
From the subjective evaluation criteria, the noise reduction effect is more obvious, the image edge is well maintained and with less ringing effect.
From the processed results, it assumes that the bicubic interpolation algorithm suffers the noise obstructing; the Wiener filter method has a clear subjective visual perception but still gets the same problem with the bicubic algorithm; the POCS algorithm has the issue of noise reduction and shows the ring effect obviously, the MAP algorithm has the better effect on reducing noise but does not keep the edge retention which shows blur on the re1stored high frequency details; the hybrid super-resolution algorithms overcome the problems mentioned above and acquire better results, the algorithm we proposed also is better than the one proposed in the paper[8] on the subjective evaluation criteria as well as the objective evaluation.

Original 3D CAD data of desired model are sliced in dedicated software into layers of a specific thickness.
Last step in data preparation was slicing the resulting models into layers 50 μm thick in the AutoFAB software.
After the data were prepared, the job was submitted to SLM 280HL machine.
According to the freely available data which concerns AlSi12 material [4], its standard mechanical properties are as following: E = 72 000 to 75000 MPa, Rm = 150 to 230 MPa and εmax = 5 to 12%.
The data obtained in this article corresponds to more hardened structure which is a consequence of SLM method.