Books by Keyword: Neutron Diffraction

Description: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).
The Seventh European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS7), was held in Berlin, Germany, on the 13-15th September 2006.

Description: To the materials science community, Texture is an important property which describes the relative orientations of the various material elements which constitute the microstructure. These elements are usually the crystalline grains; each with a different orientation of its crystal lattice. However, morphological textures, such as the arrangement of fibers in a composite material, also have to be considered. In rare cases, the texture is random; with all possible orientations being equally represented in the material. But, usually, processing of the material has caused the texture to become non-random; with a consequent anisotropy of the material properties. Thus, not only metallurgists and materials scientists take an interest in textures, but also physicists, mathematicians, geologists, mechanical engineers and others.

Description: The field of Residual Stresses is surprisingly large, and also highly interdisciplinary in nature, both with regard to its applications and to its scientific and technological fundamentals.
Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).

Description: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).
Natural, as well as man-made, materials are often assumed to behave uniformly, exhibiting equal strength in all directions, because most of them have a polycrystalline structure. The anisotropy of the individual crystals, however, is smoothed out only in the presence of a large number of grains having a random distribution of orientations. In reality, there usually remains an anisotropy due to the existence of preferred orientations. Its magnitude depends upon the statistical distribution of grain orientations – the "crystallographic texture" or, more simply, the texture. –This governs the extremes, of the physical property of interest, which a single crystal of the material under consideration can exhibit in directional tests. Local variations in texture, as well as the arrangements and types of grain/phase boundaries, may give rise to inhomogeneous material properties. The texture also carries with it information on the history of a material’s processing, use and misuse. A knowledge of the texture is a prerequisite for all quantitative techniques of materials characterization, and is based upon the interpretation of diffraction-peak intensities. It is also necessary to model the relationships between microstructural features and physical or mechanical properties. Therefore, the texture is of great value for quality control in a wide range of industrial applications, and in basic materials research.

Description: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).
X-ray powder diffraction is a long-established and invaluable technique which is widely applied to the characterization of crystalline materials. The method has traditionally been used for phase identification, quantitative analysis and for the determination of structural imperfections. In recent years however, its use has been extended into exciting new areas such as the extraction of three-dimensional microstructural properties.

Description: Texture is a fundamental material characteristic which results from the microstructural evolution that takes place during various processes, including the thermomechanical deformation of materials. Therefore, texture-related phenomena will continue to be of great importance, because of their scientific interest as well as their effect upon industrial applications, in the 21st century.
Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).

Description: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).
The field of Residual Stresses is a very large one and is also highly interdisciplinary in nature with regard both to its applications and to its scientific and technological fundamentals. The highly successful aim of this Conference (ECRS6) was to bring together researchers and practicing engineers, academics and students from all of the European Community members; as well as guests from overseas.

Description: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).
X-ray powder diffraction is a non-destructive technique widely applied for the characterisation of crystalline materials. The method has been traditionally used for phase identification, quantitative analysis and the determination of structure imperfections. In recent years, applications have been extended to new areas, such as the determination of crystal structures and the extraction of three-dimensional microstructural properties.

Description: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).
Materials, as utilized, experience the effect of residual, internal stresses, as these are the outcome of the material synthesis and/or engineering, and/or application in practice. Understanding and control of residual stresses is a prerequisite for successful application of materials in wide ranging areas as corresponding to, e.g., the microelectronic industry (thin films) and the automotive industry (crankshafts).

Description: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).
The proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Powder iffraction cover 191 papers in the areas of X-ray and neutron diffraction (36 papers). Chapters on Method Development, Development of Instruments and Techniques, Software, Synchrotron and Neutron Diffraction offer new ideas on subjects as Microstructure of Materials, Determination of Crystallographic Structure, Quantitative Phase Analysis, and Texture & Coarse Grains. Developments in analysis using the X-ray lens –a bundle of glass capillaries- and single or double X-ray mirrors continue.