Heat Transfer Characteristics of Multi-Story Flat Plate Type Cooling Tower: Effect of Number of Holes

Abstract:

A cooling tower is a cooling device often used in industries as a heat exchanger, where water is cooled by coming into direct contact with air. This process causes evaporation, which leads to a reduction in the water's temperature. We conducted an experimental study of the effect of the number of holes (80, 120, 185 and 250) on the cooling tower flat plate with variations of inlet temperature (65°C, 75°C and 85°C). This study aims to determine the heat transfer characteristics and how the number of holes and inlet temperature variations affect the performance of multi-story cooling towers. The cooling tower has an overall height of approximately 2.4 m, with each flat plate measuring 0.7 m x 0.5 m and a 15° slope. The results showed that the highest heat transfer rate occurred at 85°C inlet temperature with 250 holes. The largest heat transfer coefficient value occurred at 75°C inlet temperature with 250 holes. Thus, the number of holes significantly influences the heat transfer rate, convection heat transfer coefficient, and temperature difference in the optimization of the cooling tower performance.

• Periodical: Advanced Engineering Forum (Volume 56)
• Pages: 41-49
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-A44Elw
• Online since: June 2025
• Authors: Alifia Kaneysha Perangin-Angin*, Ahmad Syuhada, Razali Thaib
• Keywords: Cooling Tower, Heat Transfer, Number of Holes

References

[1] A. Ayoub, B. Gjorgiev, G. Sansavini, 2018, Cooling Towers Performance in a Changing Climate: Techno-Economic Modeling and Design Optimization, Energy, Vol. 160, p.1133–1143.

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.080

[2] H. Harman, M. A. Hamarung, 2018, Potensi Pemanas Air Dengan Memanfaatkan Energi Panas Dari Gas Buang Motor Diesel, Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Vol. 3, No. 1, p.229.

DOI: 10.35261/barometer.v3i1.1285

[3] C. Y. Yan, 2022, Introduction to Engineering Thermodynamics, Vancouver: BC Campus.

[4] S. Subkhan, S. Raharjo, J. Suwiknyo, 2012, Pengaruh Ketebalan Gasket Blok Silinder Terhadap Performance Mesin Suzuki GP 100, TRAKSI, Vol. 12, No. 1.

[5] M. M. Patil, S. J. Patil, P. S. Patil, S. J. Mehta, 2018, Design and Analysis of Cooling Tower, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 2, p.2240–2245.

[6] D. A. Hersandi, 2018, Pengaruh Jenis Fluida Pendinginan Terhadap Kapasitas Radiator Pada Sistem Pendinginan Mesin Daihatsu Xenia 1300CC, JPTM, Vol. 6, No. 3, p.41–52.

[7] R. S. Winda, W. A. Wicaksono, P. Parikhin, 2021, Analisis Kinerja Sistem Pendingin pada Mesin Toyota Avanza Tipe K3-Ve Menggunakan Scanner Lauch Thinkdiag Easydiag 4.0, Jurnal JASATEC, Vol. 1, No. 1, p.23–30.

DOI: 10.37339/jasatec.v1i1.608

[8] M. K. A. Ali, X. Huang, 2019, Improving the Heat Transfer Capability and Thermal Stability of Vehicle Engine Oils Using Al2O3/TiO2 Nanomaterials, Powder Technology.

DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.12.051

[9] A. Hamid, et al., 2017, Pengaruh Bentuk dan Konfigurasi Alur Sekat Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Menara Pendingin (Cooling Tower), Jurnal Rotor, Vol. 10, No. 2, p.1–5.

DOI: 10.19184/rotor.v10i2.5291

[10] Y. Effendi, A. A. Saputra, 2019, Perencanaan Prototipe Menara Pendingin Mini Untuk Alat Penukar Kalor Tipe Plat Datar, Motor Bakar: Jurnal Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Vol. 3, No. 1, p.1–9.

DOI: 10.31000/mbjtm.v3i1.3074

[11] J. Jamaludin, S. Sumarno, 2022, Analisis Perbandingan Laju Perpindahan Panas Filler Material Aluminium dan Plastik Pada Cooling Tower, Motor Bakar: Jurnal Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Vol. 6, No. 1, p.50–53.

DOI: 10.31000/mbjtm.v6i1.6718

[12] M. I. Fikri, S. Wuryanti, A. Syafitri, 2022, Perancangan Variasi Bentuk Filler Pada Menara Pendingin Tipe Induced Draft Counterflow di PT. Indolakto – Jakarta, Prosiding The 13th Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar, p.837–842.

DOI: 10.35313/irwns.v13i01.4176

[13] A. Rajai, 2022, Kajian Karakteristik Perpindahan Panas Pada Menara Pendingin Tipe Plat Datar Bertingkat Akibat Pengaruh Letak Lubang, Skripsi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh.

DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i2.1699

[14] Y. D. Mustika, 2023, Studi Perpindahan Panas Pada Menara Pendingin Tipe Plat Datar Berlubang Dengan Variasi Bentuk Lubang, Skripsi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh.

DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i2.1699

[15] H. Suansyah, 2023, Pengaruh Jumlah Lubang Pelat Sekat Menara Pendingin (Cooling Tower) Terhadap Keoptimalan Perpindahan Panas, Tesis Teknik Mesin, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh.

DOI: 10.29303/d.v8i1.136

[16] F. Aulia, 2023, Kajian Perpindahan Panas Pada Menara Pendingin (Cooling Tower) Tipe Plat Datar Berlubang Segitiga, Skripsi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh.

DOI: 10.21776/jrm.v15i3.1821

[17] H. Suansyah, A. Syuhada, S.E. Sofyan, 2023, Effect of Numerous Plate Holes in A Cooling Tower on Heat Transfer Optimization, Jurnal Polimesin, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp.517-522.

DOI: 10.30811/jpl.v21i5.4069