Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 253-255

Abstract: In order to apply smart card data in decision-making of public transportation planning and management, the paper researched estimating method of alighting bus stops of smart card passengers. Based on Trip-chain thought, the paper presented estimation algorithm applying the three hypotheses of “Next Trip”, “Last Trip” and “Return Trip”. Then, the algorithm was tested and analyzed using large-scale actual data of Advanced Public Transportation Systems of Nanning City in China. The results show that Trip-chain Method can estimate majority of alighting bus stops.

Abstract: In order to better identify the spatial influence between adjacent parts of road networks, the paper introduces the spatial autocorrelation theory in evaluating the operation performance of urban road networks. The research proposes several spatial correlation validation indicators to verify the spatial characteristics among the road networks. Based on the analysis of spatial characteristics, the relationship between operation performance and influencing factors under the impact of spatial effect is examined. Furthermore, a spatial autocorrelation based influence models at three traffic flow levels is developed by using the data from a partial urban road network in Beijing. The model analysis shows that the spatial autocorrelation model is more effective in analyzing the urban road network operation performance under the influence of various factors. This model will be beneficial in identifying traffic network problems and improving traffic operations of the urban road network.

Abstract: Under the situation of economic development and traffic congestion in Chinese city, public transport has become an inevitable developmental trend. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has gained more and more attention for its fast speed, low investment, high safety. In current there are a dozen cities opening BRT in China. Although they achieve certain effect, some problems emerge. BRT development level in three cities was analyzed by Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. In these three cities, the proportion of BRT intersection signal priority is low and passengers’ average travel time is long. BRT in China is still in its infancy. Technology and management needs to be strengthened and public awareness of bus priority needs to be improved.

Abstract: This paper aims at developing a Level of Service (LOS) model for unsignalized intersection crosswalks for pedestrians from the perspective of the pedestrian’s perception of comfort and safety in unsignalized intersection environment. Firstly, the potential primary factors influencing pedestrian LOS at crosswalk were summarized from three respects: traffic conflicts, crossing facilities and delay. Secondly, data for the model were collected, including 459 participants’ real-time sense of comfort and safety when they crossing the 11 selected intersection crosswalks and the design and operational characteristics of the selected intersections. The selected crosswalks were typical of those prevalent in the urban areas of China, and the participants of questionnaire survey covered a broad cross section of Chinese population of pedestrians. Based on the survey data, Pearson Correlation analysis and step-wise regression analysis were carried out to develop pedestrian LOS model for unsignalized intersections. A reliable, statistically calibrated pedestrian LOS model for unsignalized intersections was developed, suitable for application in the vast majority of Chinese urban areas. The study revealed that the factors significantly influencing pedestrian LOS at unsignalized intersections included: left turning bicycles from side streets, through bicycles from side streets, right turning bicycles from side streets, left turning bicycles approaching from the street parallel to the crosswalk, through bicycles from the approach opposite to the crosswalk, right turning bicycles from the street parallel to the crosswalk, through bicycles from the approach opposite to the crosswalk and the presence of the median.

Abstract: Concerning great urban intersection, this paper introduced the design method of vehicle-waiting area at first. Then, it analysed the improvement of traffic(mainly about traffic capacity) after the setting of such area. By having calculation for practical example, and using Vissim simulation, we worked out the situation of delay and traffic capacity after the establishment of vehicle-waiting area. And all these finally prove the feasibility of our project.

Abstract: Rapid urbanization and growing economic prosperity had brought a higher rate of motorization in developed countries and now in developing countries also. History can provide valuable information and lessons on the interplay of factors that shape urban growth and development. This study examines changes in urban planning factors especially in transportation system and traffic mobility of Gifu City during the late 20th century when Japan was in the high economic growth period. And by looking at the result, in Gifu, with development of motorization, as the same time as policy planning was made that attached importance to construct road network and the withdrawal of city tram, the land use development was also focused in surrounding area and suburban area. As the result, Motorization grew more and more in Gifu city and Gifu city is being plagued by the doughnut phenomenon. It is important to find the relationship of urban planning factors to give experience for future urban planning and transport planning.

Abstract: In the literature, there are many methodologies that allow the evaluation of roundabout performances (Capacity, Levels Of Service, etc.): analytical models (HCM, HBS etc.), statistical models (TRRL, SETRA) etc. Each technique considers some aspects of the roundabout in comparison to others (geometric elements, vehicular flow and behavioral parameters). Obtained results are often not comparable among themselves because of distinctive peculiarities of each method. Today, the best way to solve this problem is by using a refined simulation software of vehicular circulation. However, along with a more and more refined analysis of microsimulation software algorithms, it is frequently necessary for each user (researcher, engineer, planner, etc.) to know the real sensitivity of these packages with regard to the most important key parameters. In this paper the Authors introduce the results of a wide survey conducted on an ample range of virtual roundabout scenarios by the use of a modern simulation software. Each scenario describes a fixed roundabout phenomenon using the following variables: geometric elements (inscribed circle radius, circulatory roadway, central and splitter islands etc.); characteristics of the traffic flow (dynamic traffic assignment, approach speed, circulatory speed and reduced speed zones, etc.); behavioral features (priority rules, minimum gap, minimum headway, etc.). The results are presented from the evaluation of stop-line delays.

Abstract: Urban-rural ecotone is separate geographical unit, and it is in the parallel connecting area of the city and countryside. With the rapid economic development, traffic accidents in the area showing a significant increase in the trend. Because of vehicles in urban-rural ecotone of many types, traffic is more complex, speed variations and high frequency of speed changes, a greater impact on such sections of road traffic safety. Therefore, this article by the typical section of the survey, combined with the traffic simulation software, using grey relation entropy analysis method to analyze speed discrete of the urban-rural ecotone road, so as to clear the characteristics of various types of vehicles speed.

Abstract: In order to make the traffic flow more stability and smoothly at irregular intersection, the improvement schemes is researched on a typical irregular intersection, Hao valley intersection in Wuhan. Firstly, a field investigation is carried out for this intersection. Secondly, we carried on the optimization in many different ways, such as transportation demand management, traffic flow organization of regional, signal optimization, intersection Canalization and other optimizations. Finally, a microscopic traffic flow simulation software, VISSIM, is used to simulate the traffic situation before and after improvement. Results shows the improvement schemes effect is obviously, and the delay and conflicts substantially reduced. This research can provide a reference for similar intersection improvements.

Abstract: The Beijing government is taking measures to remit traffic congestions by restriction based on the last digit on a license plate, which influences the characteristic of traffic flow. This paper first builds a model about traffic flow characteristic, including vehicle velocity, roadway reliability and traffic congestion recovery time. The paper also researches different pattern of vehicle velocity before and after the rail number restriction, analyzes the changing trend of road-mobility reliability with traffic demands, and calculates the pattern of traffic congestion recovery time between the restrictions. The result indicates that when traffic flow’s density is large, the vehicle’s velocity is increased to 180% of the original after the restriction; and the recovery time from congestion to smooth is decreased to 75.8% of the original; after taken the restriction measures, the road unblocked reliability in Peak hours is increased, and the traffic condition ameliorate evidently.