Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 316-317

Abstract: In recent years, due to water pollution water quality in Jingzhou City has been deteriorating and does not come up to the national standard of drinking water. Incompetent water over the district leads to scarcity of potable water, especially in the rural area more than 60% of the total population has a low reliability in drinking water security. For solving this problem some useful strategies should be taken, including: a) environmental supervision at Jingzhou section of Yangtze River; b) prevention and control of water pollution where has been or will take place in rivers and lakes within the district; c) financial and technological support on rural drinking water project and rural environmental protection; and d) establishment of central water supply construction in the rural area.

Abstract: Antibiotics are used in large amounts as human and veterinary medicine. Due to their use pattern, they possess a potential for reaching the water environment. In recent years great amount of evidence showed that tetracycline antibiotics were frequently detected in aquatic environment. In this paper, the literature on adsorption of tetracyclines (TCs) were reviewed and summarized. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and adsorption mechanism were discussed. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model fit the experimental data best in most cases of adsorption of TCs. Sorption of TCs followed Freundlich or Langmuir isotherm well in all cases. At last, main adsorption mechanisms such as cation exchange, cation bridging at surfaces, surface complexation, and hydrogen bonding could be suggested based on analysis by XRD, FTIR, NMR, HPLC, LC-MS, etc.

Abstract: Multiple sediment quality parameters, including pH, TN, TP, organic carbon and microbial biomass, were used to evaluate the remediation efficiency of the river restoration project carried out in Chaohe river. The results showed that: during the investigation period, for the pH of sediment, there was not significant difference between the planted treatment and the non-planted control; the mean removal efficiencies of TN and TP were 22.0% and 10.6% in sediment, respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies for the sediment were 36.7% on the on TN and 12.7% on TP, which occurred in July. The result suggested that the restoration of aquatic vegetation could potentially be used for pollution preventability and removal in the river for drinking water resource.

Abstract: Since 2007, some district courts in China set up Environmental Protection Tribunals, accepting environmental public interest litigations (EPIL) to protect source water. In this article, the authors try to sum up the experiences and problems of these three modes, they are, Guiyang Mode, Wuxi Mode and Kunming Mode. These three modes have respective innovations. They are also facing some challenges. The authors also offer some suggestions to deal with these problems.

Abstract: As an effective adsorbent, granular activated alumina (GAA) has been widely used in defluoridation. In order to reduce cost and operate environment-friendly, the adsorbent should be regenerated. In this paper, column experiment was done to characterize the fluoride removal properties and to develop an optimal method to regenerate fluoride-rich modified activated alumina (MGAA). The MGAA can be regenerated by utilizing sodium hydroxide solution desorption, deionized water washing and ferric sulfate reactivation and then used for futher defluoride operation. The influence of the concentration of desorption agent (NaOH solution) and desorbing time on desorption rate and the adsorption capacity of regenerated MGAA were studied. The optimal desorption condition was: 1% NaOH solution for desorption agent, desorbing time in 1.5h.In addition, when the regenerated MGAA was used again for column adsorption test, its adsorption capacity reached 94% of that of original sorbent in 1mg/L outlet fluoride concentration.

Abstract: Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and iron reducing bacteria (IRB) that widely exist in water supply networks are the main microorganisms leading to metal corrosion in pipelines. Chlorine is widely used in drinking water supply systems. The concentration of chlorine with SRB declined rapidly after 10 mins and reached 0 mg/L finally whereas it decreased more slowly with IRB. If the concentration of chlorine is lower than 0.2mg/L, IRB cannot be sterilized. It indicates that at the end of water pipes where the concentration of chlorine is required to be 0.05mg/L, chlorine is not effective since the concentration is below the minimum requirement of removing IRB

Abstract: This paper is based on an item of key problem of agriculture of Shanxi province through field test and indoor test. Capability of soil infiltration and soil moisture content,soil volume-weight,content of soil organic matter,soil structure were measured.Infiltration content and infiltration rate reflect the capability of soil infiltration. Ten points of Yumenkou irriqated area located in Hejin, Jishan,Xinjiang were choosed,which can represent the soil feature of this area very well.The study of soil infiltration will give the scientific reason for the rational determining of field irrigation technique parameter.

Abstract: Based on the studies on water resource system, we discuss the connotation of sustainable water resource system and explore the operating mechanisms of sustainable water resource system, including dynamic, resistance and coordination for three mechanisms, which control the evolution of sustainable water resource system. Then, after the establishment of the indicator system of sustainable water resource system evaluation, the regional sustainable water resource system evaluation model is set up by using set pair analysis theory. The evaluation results are obtained by calculating connection degree of each indicator. Finally, taking Shanghai as an example, it analyzes the water resource sustainability in Shanghai by using this model. The calculating results indicate that the situation of sustainable water resources system was better, which is in accordance with the actual situation in Shanghai.

Abstract: In this paper, a platform based on SaaS cloud computing framework is developed to provide professional online cloud simulation service for water quality assessment. The DLL, WINDOWS MFC programming methods are investigated and water pollution remote simulation can be performed supported by different water simulation softwares including MATLAB, MIKE and FLUENT. The C# language is used in our programming. The major steps of establishing a water quality simulation model using FLUENT and MATLAB are introduced.

Abstract: In recent years, accidental water pollution incidents occurred frequently, so that obtaining the water quality information in emergency situation becomes very important. However, how to get effective sample quickly and comprehensively become a major problem in the emergency monitoring. In this paper, an overall scheme of an automatic three-dimensional sampling device which based on mobile carrier is proposed. Related design including development of the component hardware and software modules is presented. Through commissioning and perfecting, the device can realize remote control and fast three-dimensional sampling, which can be used to assist the environmental protection departments to deal with emergency water pollution incidents.