Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 316-317

Abstract: Electronic transformer Manager nature is a will simulation volume transformation for digital volume of device, they will simulation of current and the voltage signal in as possible near signal source of local used most has price of reliable way will its transformation for digital volume, electronic type transformer Manager and merged unit as digital substation of component, and traditional transformer Manager compared to has insulated simple, and dynamic range wide, and anti-saturated performance strong, and Advantages of data output. combined digital substation with IEC61850 in the text, examined issues such as data synchronization of electronic instrument transformers, made recommendations on engineering practice.

Abstract: Is Automation technique in substation integrated automation for substation applied a concentrated expression, was unattended substations necessary technical conditions, on integrated automation principle of analysis in the article, simultaneous analysis of control into the centralized control of unattended substation and grade control, focusing on analysis of unattended substation communication networks, and make recommendations on the communication engineering mode for unattended substation.

Abstract: Micro-grid to facilitate a large number of distributed energy resources (DER) interconnection and access in the low voltage distribution system, provides a mechanism to take advantage of DER generating units, micro-grid profiles are described in the text and its development, micro-Islanding detection of grid management systems, micro-grid issues and micro-grids, market competitive issues. That urgency of micro-grid and Islanding detection methods, along with bidding in power market, the only generation involved in unilateral bidding mechanism and power side and the user side and participate in bilateral bidding mechanism.

Abstract: The residue of Inner Mongolia lignite semi-coke by different final temperature hydrogenation system methane of CO2 gasification reactivity is studied by means of thermo gravimetric and X-Ray Diffraction method. The results show that, with the rise of hydrogasification temperature, the residue aromaticity fa increase, the residual carbon microcrystalline tend to graphitization, CO2 reactivity decrease and residue CO2 reaction temperature raise. The final hydrogenation temperature residue CO2 gasification reaction conversion rate curves similar and curve to temperature increase in the direction of movement.

Abstract: Tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) and chromium (III) chloride (CrCl3) were used synergistically to catalyze the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The effects of solvent, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and reaction time on the HMF yields were investigated. The results indicated that using 70 mol% TEAB and 12 mol% CrCl3 in a 10 wt% fructose solution in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) gave the highest HMF yield of 72.7 % after 90 min at 120 °C

Abstract: Aeolian vibration often occurs in the high-voltage transmission overhead lines, and the amplitude of conductors has close relationship with conductors fretting wear. It is very difficult to measure actual amplitude of working conductor, so obtaining the amplitude of the conductor by the means of simulation is of practical significant to research quantitatively the relationship of the amplitude and the fretting wear. In this paper an imitation test-bed was built. The maximum amplitudes in the different location of a conductor in a test condition were obtained by Simulink software simulating, and the results were compared with the maximum amplitudes obtained by experimental test. The result of this comparison showed that between of them were of good similarity, and the locations of vibration nodes and maximum amplitudes were basically same. It was proved to be feasible that the aeolian vibration amplitude of the overhead conductor in kinds of conditions could be obtained by Simulink software simulating.

Abstract: This study develops a set of prediction models to estimate energy usage for commercial blocks in urban areas. Commercial blocks in Taipei City, Taichung City, and Tainan City of Taiwan were selected as research subjects, and a total of 93 blocks were surveyed. With the survey of land use type and intensity, building usage, and actual building energy usage of the blocks, a set of commercial block energy usage prediction models were proposed and tested, and two commonly used land use variables (the floor area ratio and total floor areas) were included as independent variables in these models. The average number of floors and an indicator of commercial activity intensity were then employed to help define the level of energy usage intensity for the blocks surveyed in order to refine the models, and the R2 for both energy usage prediction models increases to 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. This study shows that land use variables can be utilized to rapidly estimate energy usage of commercial blocks in urban areas, and the finding should be useful for decision-makers to formulate policies on urban energy management and land use planning.

Abstract: How solar building and Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) should be implemented to improve energy efficiency while also fitting in an urban environment has become a critical issue. From the viewpoint of sustainable and ecological cities, this study develops a comprehensive evaluation framework to address this issue. By incorporating research methods involving in-depth interviews, fuzzy questionnaire survey, and AHP method, this study develops a research approach to systematically assess the key decision-making criteria in implementing BIPV. After our investigation, an evaluation framework composing of five dimensions and 27 elements is proposed and tested. The framework provides an outline that can help guide the development of solar buildings and BIPV so as not to over-emphasize on any single aspect. The research also compares the cognitive differences of the importance of the evaluation dimensions and items of the proposed framework for the two major decision-making groups (industrial expert group and the architect/urban designers group) in order to build consensus on how to implement solar building and BIPV.

Abstract: Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city is a strategic cooperation project between China and Singapore to improve the living environment and build an eco-culture. Animation-park covers an area of 1 km2, with a total construction area of 7.7x105m2. Wide sources of the renewable energy, such as solar hot water system, ground source heat pump system, solar PV power generation system, and deep geothermal energy system, is strongly recommended to use in eco-city in order to save energy and protect the environment. The usage of renewable energy is seen as a complement to the conventional energy. The energy consumption of the animation park is 42926tce of coal per year, and the renewable energy that used is 4573.6tce of coal per year. The usage of renewable energy leads to the reduction in the emission of CO2 of 18895.9t per year.

Abstract: Thermal chemical conversation of biomass is studied as a means to reduce the greenhouse gases and pollutant emission caused by the traditional fossil fuel. Eucalyptus is one of the fast growing tress in the south of China, which has great potential as a kind of renewable energy sources. An experimental study on eucalyptus leaves was carried out in thermogravimetric analyzer to investigate the effects of reaction atmosphere on thermal chemical characteristics. The volume fraction of oxygen was 0, 0.21, 0.27 and 0.33 respectively. Experimental results show that with the increasing of the oxygen concentration, the reaction time decreased significantly. The kinetic Parameters were also calculated, including the activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (A).