Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 448-453

Abstract: In recent years, the utilisation of ionic liquids supported on porous polymer membranes has been demonstrated to enhance gas separation performance by improving both permeability and selectivity for several industrially-relevant gas mixtures. However, the use of such supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) is normally not feasible at elevated process temperatures due to the resulting decrease in ionic liquid viscosity, which can lead to increased loss of ionic liquid from the membrane support during operation. In addition, many of the polymer membranes typically used in SILMs exhibit relatively poor mechanical and thermal stabilities at high temperatures. To overcome these problems associated with SILMs, thermally-stable composite ionic liquid and polymer membranes (CILPMs) have been fabricated in this study, thus exploiting the beneficial properties of ionic liquids for gas separation at elevated temperatures. Poly (pyromellitimide-co-4,4-oxydianiline) (PMDA-ODA PI) in combination with the ionic liquid, [C₄mi [NTf₂] were used to fabricate the CILPMs. A measurement rig was designed and built to determine permeabilities and selectivities of the CILPMs for H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂ and CH₄ over a range of pressures and temperatures. The fabricated CILPMs were shown to maintain excellent mechanical and thermal stability over a wide range of processing conditions. Temperature was shown to greatly affect both permeability and selectivity of the membranes, whilst pressure had less influence. The incorporation of [C₄mi [NTf₂] into the membranes was found to significantly increase CO₂ permeation and, therefore, it is anticipated that these CILPMs hold significant potential for CO₂ separation applications.

Abstract: In the process of urban development, with the reconstruction of old city, a lot of waste concrete will be generated. At the same time, civil engineering construction, earthquakes and wars also can generate a large number of waste concrete. The existence of waste concrete will directly pollute environment and occupy the land resources. The recycling utilization of waste concrete is benefit to environmental protection and saving resources, and is also benefit to realize the sustainable development of building materials. Waste concrete research situations in China and abroad were introduced. The crushing and regeneration technology of waste concrete were studied. The material properties of recycled concrete were analyzed and some advices about development of recycled concrete in China were presented.

Abstract: A new solvent extraction method recycling the acrylic acid (AA) from industrial waste fluid for producing acrylic acid was studied. The influencing factors of the species of diluents, concentration of extractant and temperature were investigated. The optimal process conditions were chosen that the 1-octanol as diluents, the concentration of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) 0.87mol/L, reaction temperature 298K after a series of experiments and analysis. The kinetics of extraction was studied by Lewis cell, the rate equation of extraction could be expressed as: R_A=8.8×10^-2[AA]^1.5[TOA]^2.1.

Abstract: In order to determine better inoculation methods of compound microorganisms in solid waste composting, biochemical parameters and dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the process of composting with five different inoculation methods were tested and analyzed. The results show that temperature, pH value, and synchronous fluorescence spectra of DOM in the composting piles of the five deals exhibits a certain trend with composting time increasing, in which macromolecules with complex structures and humic substances gradually increase. Overall, the temperature increases first and then decreases, and pH value is nearly stable at slightly alkaline range by the end of composting. Complex macromolecules and humic substances increase, and DOM properties tend to stabilize. Meanwhile, humification index (IA/IC, %PLF, and %HLF) of the five deals of compost also experienced significant changes. With the decrease of protein-like substances, the content of humus correspondingly increase, i.e. with composting time increasing, low-molecular-weight organic matter in the compost gradually transforms into stable high-molecular-weight humic substances, which suggests increasing aromaticity and distinctive complexity of DOM. From a comprehensive comparison of the relevant parameters and indicators, the deal of inoculating compound microorganisms at the start time or after the high-temperature phase could notably speed up the humification process in solid waste composting.

Abstract: This paper take link mold pellet pelletizer to carry on the pellet fuel manufacture experiment with corn straw stalk. The influence of moisture content, material size and fermentation time impact on broken strength is studied by single factor experiment. Through quadratic regression orthogonal rotating combination experiment, establish mathematics equation of the factors and the straw pellet fuel broken strength and analyze the important degree of each experimental factor impact on the granulation rate. Through the optimized computation, definite optimization parameter of the highest broken strength is that raw material moisture content is 20%, fermentation time is 4h and particle size is 2.5mm. The result of verifying experiment indicat that the optimal parameter combination and the predict data measured were consistent.

Abstract: Biosorption of As³⁺ ions by industrial fermentation waste Aspergillus niger free dry mycelium was investigated in a batch system..The influences of solution pH, biosorbent dose, As³⁺concentration, and contact time on As³⁺ were studied.The results indicatd that absorption capacity was strongly affected by the solution pH, the biosobent dose and initial As³⁺concentration.Optimum biosorption was observed to be 75% at pH 5.0,biosorbent dose 20g/L, initial As³⁺concentration 800ug/L. Adsorption equilibrium was established in 100 min. Biosorption equilibrium data were best described by Langmuir isotherm model.

Abstract: The value of wasteheat utilization in large general hospitals is a critical problem that can not be ignored with social development. To make use of this source means to establish a system of wasteheat utilization, and two priorities are determining the weigh of different wasteheat utilization point properly and determine the best path for waste heat utilization. In this paper, based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Information Entropy of wasteheat utilization point distribution model, we find the way to determine the weights. At the same time, the Minimum Spanning Tree Model based on Kruskal's algorithm helps to find the new method of optimal path in using wasteheat. Both models will be used in the heat research of a hospital, and we identify both clear wasteheat utilization point weights distribution and minimum cost of the best path which really paves the way for the further system construction of wasteheat utilization in large general hospital with further research and application value.

Abstract: In this paper, to gradually comprehensive analyze the impact of coal exploration to vegetation growth, Chongqing Songzao Mining was selected as the study area, vegetation index changes of the past decade were analyzed from a macro perspective using three remote sensing data, and then species composition and community structure of different times collapse area was analyzed using microscopic samples investigate. This paper argues that Songzao Mining exploitation of coal resources affected the local forest and grassland vegetation, but not on a wide range of forest and grassland ecosystems adversely affected, the area of forest and grassland ecosystems can carry local failure, and through the self-healing approach ultimately make forest grass ecosystem to stabilize.

Abstract: The article made quantitative analysis of the fairness of resources environment 2007-2011 of He‘nan Province based on ecological capacity. The results show that (1) in recent 5years, the Gini Coefficient of the indicators based on ecological capacity is: solid waste>industrial waste gas>energy consumption>industrial waste water. And the Gini Coefficient of the first 3 is all > 0.4 which exceeds the international security level. There are great equity in solid waste, waste gas emission and energy consumption etc in the cities and areas of Henan province; (2) the 4 ecological load coefficient of Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Anyang, Hebi, Jiaozuo, Sanmenxia and Jiyuan are all>1. These cities and areas are the factors which caused the inequity of the energy consumption and pollutant emissions of Henan Province; (3) the inequity of the entire energy consumption and pollutant emissions of Henan Province are affected by the industrial spatial distributions. Equity and efficiency should be both considered and it should lay emphasis on the coordinated development of ecological economics.

Abstract: Amphoteric ionic polyacrylamide P (AM-DAC-AANa) was prepared in aqueous solution using acrylamide (AM), 2-(acryloyloxy) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (DAC) and sodium acrylate (AANa) as materials by photo assisted initiation. The influences of reaction conditions on intrinsic viscosity and solubility of product were studied. Under the conditions of initiation temperature 20°C, monomer concentration 32%, pH=6 and initiator concentration 0.010%, the intrinsic viscosity and dissolving time of polymer were 13.56dL/g and 66min respectively. Moreover, the flocculating performance of the obtained copolymer was also studied. The results showed that under the conditions of P(AM-DAC-AANa) dosage 0.0250%, intrinsic viscosity 12.13dL·g^-1, ionic degree 25%, m (DAC):m (AANa)=1:2, the transmittance of the supernatant, flocculating rate and dewatering rate were 93.90%, 84.47% and 92.41% respectively.