Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 448-453

Abstract: The Characteristics of heavy oil reservoir and the influence factors of edge water invasion are researched though the research of summary of geology in the BQ57 area. 12 factors are confirmed with the orthogonal experiment. The research contains 12 factors,among them, geologic factors contain reservoir heterogeneity, effective thickness, Crude oil properties, angle of bedding and Edge water energy[1]; Development factors contain temperature field, Steam injection intensity, Steam injection time, soak time, Steam injection temperature, Steam dryness, production factor, and it calculates the weight of various factors.

Abstract: Using the Eclipse software to establish the component numerical simulator of formation crude, this paper analyzed the factors that influence the effect of CO2 flooding, including permeability, the crude oil relative density, the inlayer heterogeneity, interlamination heterogeneity, intrastratal cross flow channel and so on. The results show that along with the increasing of the permeability, the degree of reserve recovery of CO2 flooding enlarged, and with the increasing relative density of the crude oil, the degree of reserve recovery of CO2 flooding decreased. The stronger of the inlayer heterogeneity and the interlamination heterogeneity, and the higher of the permeability of the cross flow channel is, the lower level of CO2 flooding degree of reserve recovery it tends to be.

Abstract: The BQ57 block is structurally located in the sag part of Biyang, the northern slopes. Reservoir is buried shallow, thickness thin and oil viscosity is high. With the old wells production factor decreasing, the remaining oil distribution is getting more and more complex, the block has a downward trend in production capacity. In this text, we longitudinally divided the BQ57 block into several emulation layers, horizontally divided into grids, established the block reservoir numerical model using the reservoir numerical simulation software, fit the daily fluid production, daily oil production, water cut, diurnal injection of this block, and the single well production history by adjusting the model parameter values, which the fitting error of each index were all within 2%[1,2]. On the basis of the results of numerical simulation, statistical analysis the remaining oil distribution and reserves abundance condition, clarify the regularities of distribution of the remaining oil, so that we can effectively produce the remaining oil, and it has an important significance for improving the recovery rate in oilfield.

Abstract: Regarding the application of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), reservoir heterogeneity leads to early water breakthrough and significant water production, so that substantial cost may be needed to treat the produced water. Gel treatments have been widely used to prevent early water breakthrough and great amount of water production by the modification of permeability. Reservoir wettability gives significant impact on gel treatment. This study is to assess the effect of wettability on the reservoir performance during gel treatment in layered heterogeneous reservoirs. Performances were compared in terms of water-oil ratio and cumulative oil recovery for different wettability conditions. With respect to oil recovery, there is no striking improvement by gel treatment. However, the results indicate that gel process presents 77% decrement of water-oil ratio over waterflood for oil-wet system and 51% for water-wet system. Gel is distributed in reservoir more widely for oil-wet conditions than water-wet conditions, which means the effect of gels is more dominant in oil-wet conditions rather than water-wet conditions.

Abstract: This study shows net present value (NPV) distribution by considering uncertainties in porosity, oil viscosity, water saturation, and permeability for polymer flood with Monte Carlo simulation. For high and low average permeability conditions, differences of NPV between polymer flooding and water flooding have been investigated. According to results both average NPV and range of NPV distribution tend to increase with porosity and permeability in all cases. Although water saturation and oil viscosity affect NPV, they are not important parameters that conclude uncertainty of NPV under the conditions considered in this study. For high permeability model which has Dykstra-Parsons coefficient (DP) as 0.72 and porosity as 0.3088, Monte Carol simulations for polymer flood show that 50th percentile (P50) of NPV is 352.81 M$. If porosity is decreased from 0.3088 to 0.1912, the P50 is also decreased 63.8 %. The reduction of NPV during polymer flooding in low permeability reservoirs are almost 40 % higher than that of water flood. These differences come from polymer adsorption and permeability reduction that easily occurs in low permeability zone. The procedure has proven to be useful tool to generate probability distribution of NPV when polymer flood is selected as a tertiary flood process.

Abstract: 3D and three-phase simulating module of extra-low permeability reservoirs in YSL Oilfield has been established by using PVTi module and E300 module of ECLIPSE. Based on historical matching, Parameters such as gas injection volume, slug size, gas/water ratio, the speed of gas injection and injection rate of sequent water flooding in water alternating gas were considered. The volume of increasing oil and oil-draining rate were taken as evaluation criterion. Then orthogonal test design was preceded according to the principle orthogonal experimental design. Through intuitive and variance analysis with the test results, primary and secondary orders evaluation criterion effected by injection parameters were obtained. The best combination scheme of water alternating gas injection parameters was optimized, which provides theoretical direction and technical support to water alternating gas injection parameters optimization in spot CO₂ displacement^[1-3].

Abstract: This paper discusses the role of government and policy innovation in the innovative development of underdeveloped regions from the perspective of regional innovation, in an aim to provide policy suggestions on governmental policy innovation and development direction for innovative economic development in underdeveloped regions.

Abstract: In recent years, more and more attention of tourist circles scholars has attracted by the concept of tourism industry cluster. After analyzing 269 articles about tourism industry cluster, the research progress of tourism industry cluster, tourism industry cluster polarization, tourism industry convergence and tourism industrial modality innovation is summarized. And the main research direction in the future is put forward.

Abstract: The paper selected certain indicators of regional sustainable development and port logistics, on the basis of systematic analysis of the sustainable development ability, which taked Tianjin as an example by means of the grey correlation analysis method, we study the regional sustainable development ability and the correlation of port logistics in order to provide a certain theoretical basis and reference for the development and the ability of port logistics.

Abstract: According to the method of principal component analysis (PCA) with the data of Tianjin marine economy from 2000 to 2010, this paper established six comprehensive indices of input-output about complex sustainable development system. On this basis, the study used the data envelopment analysis (DEA model) and the adjustment of the variables in the model, to evaluate the overall level of Tianjin marine economy sustainable development. The conclusion is that marine economy of Tianjin city has the ability and the basis of sustainable development. The stress of marine economy sustainable development must rely on the optimization of input-output structure and increasing utilization ratio of resources and environment.