Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 522-524

Abstract: Nonionic surfactants Triton X-100 (TX100), Triton X-305 and anionic surfactant SDS were used to desorb PAHs from contaminated soil. The surfactant loss due to sorption/ precipitation and PAH removal efficiency by each surfactant were evaluated. Due to sorption/precipitation, the apparent critical micelle concentration (CMC_soil) values for the 3 surfactants are 1.3-3.8 times their corresponding CMC values in aqueous solutions. The maximal surfactant loss follows the order of SDS>>TX100>TX305. The anionic surfactant SDS is quite different from nonionic surfactants TX100 and TX305 in PAH removal. SDS can effectively remove 3-ring PAHs at very low concentration, but is not so efficient for 5 or 6-ring PAHs. While for nonionic surfactants TX100 and TX305, the removal efficiencies of PAHs increased with increasing surfactant concentration. Nonionic surfactants at low concentration cannot facilitate PAH desorption, but enhance the retardation of PAHs in soil. While anionic surfactant SDS enhanced PAH desorption at all the concentrations.

Abstract: Through batch-enrichments from contaminated sea-bed mud in Bohai sea we have isolated and characterized two bacterial strains named T7-2 and T7-7 that can better use hydrocarbons as a source of carbon and energy at 15°C than others. The mixed bacteria was used to degraded diesel oilGudao light crude oil from Shengli Oilfield and Guan 69-8 heavy crude oil from Dagang Oilfield then the degradation rates were 81.11%, 97.05% and 61.08%.

Abstract: In order to study the inducement pattern and regulating mechanism of MeCWINV3 in Cassava. An 1160 bp promoter region upstream of the MeCWINV3 gene (GenBank Accession No. KC905170) was isolated from Cassava (Manihot esculenta) genomic DNA using PCR methods. Sequence analysis found that it contains typical TATA box and CAAT box, and several cis-acting elements that related plant stress responses, such as ABRE, ARFAT, GAREAT, MYB and MYC transcription factors. Furthermore, transient expression in transgenic tobacco was analyzed by inserting upstream of GUS gene in expressing vector. The results showed that GUS was mainly expressed in tobacco veins. This will be the basis for further investigating the function of the MeCWINV3 gene promoter.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression and roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods The ALI mice models were set up by intraperineal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expressions of p38 MAPK in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot. Results The positive expressions of p38 MAPK distribute mainly in infiltrative inflammatory cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. And the level of expression of phosphated p38 MAPK in ALI group were higher obviously than that in the control group, and it reached a peak after two hours. Conclusion p38 MAPK signaling pathway was triggered by ALI induced by endotoxin.

Abstract: Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) interaction with 4-nitroaniline was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy respectively. 4-Nitroaniline can strongly quench intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and HSA. 4-Nitroaniline exhibits a high affinity to bovine and human serum albumins. The binding constants K and the number binding site n were obtained by double-log regression equation. Negative enthalpy (ΔH) and positive entropy (ΔS) values indicated that both hydrogen bond and hydrophobic forces played a major role in the binding of 4-nitroaniline and SA. The results of synchronous fluorescence showed the polarity around tryptophan residues was decreased and the hydrophobicity was increased.

Abstract: In vitro test was used to determine the effect of acid stress on soil nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) J₂ survival, behavior, individual development and fluid extravasations. The effects of acid stress on J₂ survival is C₂H₂O₄>C₆H₈O₇>C₄H₆O₅. Inhibition on J₂ movement behavior increased with time prolonged. Effect on nematode body length, stylet length, tail transparent area length, body fluid extravasations: C₂H₂O₄>C₆H₈O₇>C₄H₆O₅. At high magnification optical microscope can be clearly observed symptoms of poisoning J₂. Compared with the control, acid inhibited the nematode survival, movement and individual development, promote the body fluid extravasations, destroyed the normal physiological metabolism of nematodes, even lead to death.

Abstract: The degradation of polycarbonate was studied by measuring the absorbance of bisphenol A, which is the main degradation products of polycarbonate. The important factors have been researched, such as temperature, the pH and reaction time. The result shows that the pH and temperature have an effect on the degradation of polycarbonate.

Abstract: The enamel of tooth is the hardest tissue in human body, which makes it is hard to prepare cross-section slice. Decalcification is an important procedure in paraffin section preparation. Until now, there is no generally well-accepted decalcification method. Two kinds of acids decalcified liquid and Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) decalcified liquid were used to compare decalcified time and effect. HE staining and SABC immunohistochemical staining were carried out to compare their dyeing effect in three different decalcified liquid. The results showed that two kinds of acids decalcified liquid took less time to reach the thorough decalcified end point than EDTA decalcified liquid. But HE staining and SABC immunohistochemical staining with EDTA decalcified specimens showed better well-organized structure and vivid coloring. Thus, acids decalcified liquid is appropriate for rapid decalcification and preparation of slice. EDTA decalcified liquid is better to be used in the immunohistochemical staining in oral histopathologcal study.

Abstract: This work evaluates the feasibility of the biodegradable polymers (BDPs) bioreactor concept for removal of perchlorate from groundwater; and the likely impacts of nitrate and pH were also examined. Batch experiments demonstrated clearly that ClO₄^- was eliminated from the aqueous phase readily under appropriate surface biofilm of enriched mixed consortium on PBS, a new kind of BDPs, with the PBS granules as the sole chemical and physical substrate for the microorganism. Simultaneous perchlorate and nitrate degradation were occurring with the PBS granules degradation to supply conbon source. The optimal pH of perchlorate reduction was at 6.7. Morphological observation indicated the microbes in biofilm decomposed PBS through metabolism and provided carbon source for themselve by releasing small organic molecules.

Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) have come to the fore as environmentally solvent that is liquid at room temperature. Among all ILs, those based on imidazolium salts are interested because of wildly usage. In synthesizing the N,N-dialkyl-imidazolium, conventionally, the complex steps are used. In this work, however, it is shown experimentally that the salt also can be effectively synthesized by alkylating imidazole with halogenated hydrocarbon. In this way, different chains N,N-dialkyl-imidazoliums can be prepared, and the isolated yield higher than 85%. Compared with traditional operating procedures, the new method gives higher productivity, less operating steps and lower waste.