Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 541-542

Abstract: According to the world average generation levels, the nuclear power generation is the third-largest energy generation form following the thermal and hydroelectric ones. Among all the operating nuclear generation, the type of the PWR has occupied more than 50%. The paper constructed three most commonly used dynamic PWR neutron models, which are six-groups delayed, single-group delayed and linearized neutron model, and made a detail analysis of those different models. An investigation of the different errors among the models under different perturbations is taken by simulation and a standard for the simplification of the models had been proposed, which can provide a reference for the selection of the future PWR neutron dynamic model.

Abstract: This paper performed a comparative study on solar photovoltaic refrigeration technology and solar adsorption refrigeration technology. The experimental results showed that in sunny day, COP of the solar fin pipe adsorption refrigerator was 0.13, and was higher than 0.12, COP of the photovoltaic refrigerator. With the solar radiation enhancement within a certain range, the COP of solar adsorption refrigerator increased faster than COP of solar photovoltaic refrigerator. From the aspects of economy, with the same refrigerating capacity, the cost of the adsorption refrigerators was 30% higher than that of the photovoltaic refrigerators.

Abstract: This paper built a hybrid power system, including wind power, PV power and hydro power generation. It is presented mathematical model for the optional design of hybrid power system. The object of the model are to minimize the initial investment cost, power supply reliability and power complementation. The constraint condition are included system working, installed capacity and load balance, So the capacity matching model is established. A stand-alone photovoltaic of pasturing area is calculated by using the model. The result shows that the optional design model have an important sense, which improved power supply reliability, complementary characteristics of hybrid power and reduce the total cost of the system.

Abstract: Chinese wind power industry needs to raise the flexibility level to adapt the dynamic and complex environment. It is imperative to help the wind power industry to alleviate the influence of environmental turbulence. This paper established an analysis structure for environmental turbulence types including technological dynamic, supply and demand complexity, competitiveness confrontation and policy uncertainty. A questionnaire was designed and used to investigate the main influencing components in different types from experts in the field of wind power industry. By using the method of factors analysis, 19 main components are identified as having a significant influence on the environmental turbulence. The results revealed that the stabilization of wind power industry requires a combined effort from the enterprises and government.

Abstract: There are mainly four pathways to get liquid fuels from the coal including the direct liquefaction process, the Fischer-Tropsch process, coal-tar refining, and pyrolysis process. The characteristics of these four processed have been described. As the first two pathways are considered to be promising, the characteristics of these two types of coal-based jet fuels are discussed and the component characteristics of coal-based synthesis fuels are investigated, respectively. The component characteristics of coal-based jet fuels are compared with the traditional petroleum-based jet fuels. There are large differences between the properties of the coal-based jet fuel via direct and indirect liquefaction pathways. Comparing with the conventional petroleum-based jet fuel, the coal-based jet fuel via direct liquefaction pathway has the higher aromatics content, while the fuel via indirect pathway (F-T process) has more paraffin and nearly no naphthenes or aromatics. In additional, the carbon numbers of the coal-based synthesis jet fuels are compared with the conventional petroleum-based jet fuel.

Abstract: Geothermal energy provides the renewable energy sector with an opportunity to produce base load power, whilst meeting current government objectives of many countries in relation to greenhouse gas emission and renewable energy portfolio standards. The utilization of geothermal power develops well in many developed countries, such as America, Japan, France, Italy, Iceland, etc. But it is still at an early stage in China. The development of alternative energy such as geothermal energy is as a basic national policy. It is also an important issue for China how to make good use of geothermal resource currently. In this paper, according to the distribution, we introduce the development and utilization of Chinese geothermal resources.

Abstract: For evaluate the risk of civil marine nuclear power plant, through the searching related standards for ship, external environmental parameters that the nuclear ship should be suited was found. Based on the characteristics of power plant of civil nuclear-powered ship, the hierarchy system of primary loop system was established and corresponding indicator marking criteria were formulated for the risk assessment. The result shows that the Reactor Safety Injection System (RIS), the Reactor Boron and the Water Supply System (REA), the Control Rods and the Hull of Fuel Canning are the key risk factors in the primary loop system. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation was carried out for collision, stranding and swing of multi-degree of freedom, and put forward relative countermeasures to cope with the possible risks based on the comprehensive evaluation and combined with the literatures.

Abstract: As solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has operating temperatures ranging between 973 K for intermediate temperature operation and 1273 K for high temperature operation, an advantage of the hot exhaust gas from SOFC can be used to drive a fuel processor for hydrogen production. In this study, the heat integration of a SOFC integrated with ethanol steam reformer, which is very highly endothermic reaction needed the large amount of energy supply, has been performed to improve the efficiency of SOFC system. In the conceptual design for heat integration, the pinch analysis is used. Under 1200 K of SOFC operating temperature and 973 K of reformer temperature, the hot exhaust gas leaving the SOFC is sufficient for heating requirements for the heat exchanger network and for the additional electricity generation from gas turbine. An energy integrated SOFC system presents a total electricity generation from SOFC and GT of 818 kW of which 386 kW is required for air compressor so an overall electricity production and efficiency are 432 kW and 35.0%, respectively.

Abstract: The development of resources has achieved revolution from unconventional resources to conventional resources in North America. China's tight oil and gas reservoirs are widely distributed and the exploration potential is tremendous. The abundant unconventional natural gas resources, if exploited reasonably and efficiently, will provide stable energy supply for the sustainable development of Chinese economy. In this paper, a few key techniques including drilling and hydraulic fracturing for the development of unconventional oil and gas resources were introduced. The factors of unconventional oil and gas were put forward,the costs of drilling and well completion and environmental concerns for the development of tight oil and gas in China included ground water contamination, risks to air quality, migration of gases were also introduced which has raised combined with the analysis of future prospects and future technology development. We also offer some technology which has the merits of low cost, efficient for the development of unconventional tight reservoir in horizontal wells. Good conditions have been found in Sichuan, Tarim and Ordos basins for both development and exploitation, finally we can come to a conclusion that the tight oil and gas should be realistic replacement resources of conventional oil and gas.

Abstract: Because wind energy fluctuates randomly, the output power of wind turbine generators is uncertain. The reliability of power systems including wind generation is analyzed in this paper. In this paper, the reliability model of wind generators and the model of transmission network are combined by considering the sequential and autocorrelation of wind speed, the output power function and the forced outage of wind units. Then a reliability evaluation model of generation and transmission system, in which the system security constraints are satisfied, is built and the objective function is LSC. Taking IEEE-RTS96 system as an example, the reliability index which can reflect the effects of wind farms is calculated. The result provides the scientific reference for connecting wind farms to power systems.