Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 556-562

Abstract: A portable LIBS device capable of analyzing material component especially for drilling fluids in the drilling site was designed and assembled. A position adjustable apparatus was developed, which permits the applications in outdoor environments. The alkali metal elements such as potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), have been detected in the drilling fluids using the newly developed portable LIBS device. The results show that the device well performs qualitative analysis, and also has potential predominance for the quantitative analysis in-situ.

Abstract: As the most wide band gap in II-VI compound semiconducting materials, ZnS has many advantages of low-price, innocuity and excellent electro-optical, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. ZnS powder with wurtzite structure was synthesized by hydrothermal co-reduction from ZnCl₂ and Sulfur powder. The phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the size and morphology of the product were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results show that, the powders grow mainly along (0 1 8), (1 1 0), (1 1 24) crystal planes, and the ZnS powders were polygonal nanoflakes with sizes of about 100~300 nm in length or small particles less than 100 nm.

Abstract: Due to the composition of crude oil and partly due to the change of environment conditions, colloidal asphaltene in crude oil production, storage and transportation, post-treatment process prone to precipitation phenomenon, bring great influence of crude oil production and processing. This article analyzed from the aspects of reservoir, oil production, storage and transportation, etc the effects of colloid asphalt, the asphalt deposition analyses the influence factors, in view of the colloidal asphaltene harm, put forward the methods and measures to improve colloid asphalt influence.

Abstract: In the experiment, firstly, the quantitative analysis models of the total moisture, volatile matter and ash content of the near infrared spectral of the pulverized coal samples are respectively established by adopting the method of partial least squares; as the model has high predicted precision and good stability, we can see that using the NIR analysis method to conduct nondestructive testing to the pulverized coal indirectly is feasible; then a further study is made on the correlation of the total moisture, volatile matter and ash content in pulverized coal samples respectively, through which we found that the ash content and volatile matter in the pulverized coal sample have a high linear correlation; finally, by comparing the ash content value obtained through the correlation function between the ash content and volatile matter with that obtained through partial least squares model, we can find that the ash content value obtained through the linear correlation between ash content and volatile matter in the pulverized coal ash is more accurate and precise.

Abstract: It introduces a kind of technique method that recycling alkaline zincate zinc plating waste liquid in laboratory, involving the fields in electroplating and comprehensive utilization of waste liquid. This method is introduced that with adopting materials such as HCl, NaOH, H₂O₂, activated carbon, dithiocarbamate diethyl ester, chloroform, ammonia and baking furnace, incinerator, pH test paper, for treatment of the waste liquid through some processes like neutralization, filtration, chemistry precipitation, extraction, distillation, burning, so that some recycled substances in it can be reused such as distilled water, zinc oxide, and as to those can not be recycled, carry on the harmlessization handle by incineration or deep bury.

Abstract: A new fluorescent reagent, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehydene-p-aminotoluene, was synthesized. The fluorescent reaction of this reagent with molybdenum was studied. Based on this chelation, a highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for determination of trace amounts of molybdenum in a water-ethanol medium at pH 6.8. Under these conditions, the Mo-HNA complex has excitation and emission maxima at 300 and 380 nm, respectively. The linear range of the method is 0-2μg/L and the detection limit is 0.62μg/L. Interference of other ions was studied. It is necessary to remove the interfering cations through cation exchange. The procedure can be carried out easily and affords good precision and accuracy. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of molybdenum in pig liver and mussels.

Abstract: The theoretical prediction of radioactive aerosol diffusion based on the instantaneous point source model is investigated, considering the effects of emission heights, ground reflection, dry deposition, wet deposition, radioactive decay and other factors based on the Gaussian diffusion model. Numerical simulations are performed to calculate the concentration distribution of the radioactive aerosol and to determine the evacuation zone. Simulation results show that the atmospheric stability tends to be the key factor of the radioactive aerosol distribution.

Abstract: In order to improve imaging precision of small structures and small fault blocks of coal seams, the prestack time migration method is used for imaging. Preserved amplitude processing (PAP) is applied to prestack gather firstly after geological data and original seismic data of the exploration area are fully understood. Initial root mean square velocity field is established through the method of picking up root mean square velocity on CRP gather. Then, a precise root mean square velocity model is created after continuous iteration and modification. Meanwhile, appropriate algorithm and migration parameters are selected during the migration process. Finally, the imaging of small fault blocks and small faults in the prestack time migration section is clear and migration is highly coinciding with the case disclosed by boreholes. It’s proved that prestack time migration is especially suitable for processing 3D seismic data of small faults and small fault blocks in coal seams with complicated geological conditions.

Abstract: Base on the hydraulic fracturing field test in soft coal seam, the rule which the cutting quantity is added and the drilling gas desorption index K1 is decreased, is analyzed from the perspective of physical-mechanical properties and adsorption-desorption law is changed, etc. And gas adsorption and desorption law was analyzed using the theory of two-phase flow, to determine the effect after fracturing coal extraction is improved and the main reason for reducing the outburst.

Abstract: Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding has been applied to oil extraction in Daqing oilfield in several years. It is a great technology to improve oil recovery after polymer flooding. However, the agent would produce lots of fluid compositions, including a lot of polymer, alkaline and surfactant chemicals, which can improve the output of crude oil but increase the difficulty to disposal, such as fluid emulsion serious, smaller oil bead particle size and higher sewage viscosity and so on. An efficient demulsifier is urgent researched. In the paper, some development and application of common emulsifiers were introduced, including Quaternary ammonium salt of demulsifier, Amine polyether demulsifiercess and Water-oil separation agent Drows-1. It is significance to research the efficient green environmental protection demulsifier, which will decrease environmental pollution and increase sewage treatment efficiency in future.