Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 575

Abstract: This research is conducted for getting and examining bio-fuel from the process of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) using rice husk as raw material. The HTL process used ethanol as a solvent with concentration of 96%. Properties of the produced light fuels were examined on parameter such as water content, viscosity, calorific value, density, flash point, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The optimum yield 36.3 wt% of light fuel from HTL process of rice husk occurred at reactor temperature of 325°C and holding time of 45 minutes. Meanwhile, the optimum production of bio-fuel (light fuel + heavy fuel) was 69.3 wt% at reactor temperature of 325 °C and holding time of 30 minutes. The resulted light fuel has the calorivic value from 12.1 to 20.2 MJ/kg, viscosity from 1.11 to 1.6 cSt, and flash point from 14 to 29 °C. For the yield of bio-fuel from HTL process, the effect of reactor temperature was more pronounced than the effect of holding time. Further, the light fuels from HTL process with low water content are interesting objects as a fuel in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Cascaded H-bridges inverter has been gaining its ground in recent years because it can satisfy high voltage and power applications with medium volume semiconductors; however, it uses much more semiconductors than the traditional inverters which would increase the fault possibilities. Just because this case Cascaded H-bridges inverter is limited in many important industrial fields. In this paper, we, firstly, discussed the basic unit of Cascaded H-bridges inverter (namely, full-bridge inverter) and classify its inner faults, then we proposed a method to spot the faulty IGBT using neural network. We have also done lots of jobs on this fields which could be seen in the papers of our team.

Abstract: A small scale prototype of functional R&D solar tower system (about 10 kW) to gather solar energy and store it in a molten salt tank will be designed, developed and built. The prototype tower system will be built at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia where direct irradiation is very high. Collectors of large mirrors (called heliostats) will be used to track the incident sunrays. The heliostats focus the energy flow towards solar receivers, where energy is transferred to a working thermal fluid. The proposed system consists of several heliostats directing incident solar rays to a tower of height about 20 meters. A solar receiver will be installed at the top of the tower to collect solar energy reflected from the heliostats. The heat transfer fluid (HTF) re-circulated in the receiver transfers the collected heat in the receiver to a storage tank. The storage tank contains molten salts.

Abstract: This paper deals with the economic and efficient way to generate electicity. Many may think this method will not be feasible. But once this is executed electricity will be generated very easily. When comparing with other fuels the quantity required may be high but it is ecofriendly and economic. Moreover camphor is bio degradable and can be prepared artificially in lab also.

Abstract: By analyzing the main transformer substation operation mode change various calculation methods of loss are conducted on how to determine the economic operation mode of the double main transformer substation. According to load changes, in order to achieve best value for economy it is neccessary to reduce variable transformer loss. In this paper, a practical method of substation transfomer determination is analyzed.

Abstract: Study on SUPEL (Straight Utilization of sPEnt LWR fuel in LWR system) scenario for PWR spent fuel direct recycling scheme has been performed. Several spent PWR fuel compositions in loaded fuel has been investigated to achive the criticality of reactor. The reactor can obtain it criticality for 4.5 a% of UO₂ enrichment with at maximum 8.0 a% of spent fuel fraction in loaded fuel. The neutron spectra become harder with the raising of UO₂ enrichment in the loaded fresh fuel as well as the increasing of the fraction of spent fuel in the core.

Abstract: This paper presents an improved grey model used in power load forecasting. In order to overcome the limitation of the traditional grey model GM(1,1), vector θ is introduced to modify the calculating formula for background sequence value in grey model and build a more adaptable model. Using artificial fish school algorithm can solve the value of vector θ . It reflects that the improved model has higher accuracy of load forecasting and has wider application by cases analysis.

Abstract: Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) is predominantly used in waste heat recovery applications because of their low temperature working range. The main efficiency enhancement operation in an Organic Rankine Cycle is reducing the pump work .The pump converts electrical energy to flow energy. This input reduced and output maintained at the same level gives us a more efficient waste heat recovery system. The pump work can also be achieved by using a material that has the ability to expand on heating and revert back to its original state on cooling. The expansion property of the material is used to compress and drive the operating fluid through the cycle. Material that was observed to possess such properties was Phase Change Material. Conventionally PCM were used as thermal storage to preheat the working fluid in an ORC but a novel idea is to make the PCM utilize the heat rejected from the condenser and do the pump work. This paper discusses the various desirable properties of PCM to perform pump work efficiently and also the general layout and working of ORC system using PCM. The working fluid selected is toluene

Abstract: This paper has designed the battery management system based on microcontroller MC9S08DZ60 for real-time monitoring for all battery parameters of the battery and realizing charge and discharge. This system is mainly consisted of current and voltage module, the temperature detection module, charge and discharge module and CAN communication module. It can implement the charge and discharge of the battery by analyzing the data of each battery parameters. Besides, this paper has designed the monitor backstage based on VB to get real time display and control of the voltage parameter which needs monitoring and controlling. At last, this paper also has applied USB - CAN set instruments to implement the communications and the connection between battery management system and PC communications.

Abstract: In industrial reactors, the chemical or physical transformations are always expected to occur in the best way, so the performance controlling processes associated with mixing of reactants, heat transfer, contacting of multiple phases, mass transfer, chemical reactions, and phase changes are important. In this paper the heat transfer simulation of the gas-solid multiphase flow in ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst kiln, heat conduction, convection and radiation involved, has been expressed by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The present study can contribute to our better understanding of the heating process and at the same time, the thermal power distribution and temperature variation of the fluid and catalyst particles can provide guidance for the kiln design.