Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 835

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a detailed study of the separation process in the range of characteristic values temperature (Т ≅ 0 ÷ 70 °C) and pressure (P ≅ 50 ÷ 700 kPa). The critical analysis of hydrocarbonaceous media separation process problem is made within functioning processing equipment on objects of the “Vyngapurovskoe” oil field in Russia. Modelling of first stage separation process is illustrated from data of reservoir fluid with detailed characteristic of evolution some components concentration into off-gas in dependence of temperature and pressure. Recommendations to the calculation of the component composition of hydrocarbonaceous fluids under the provisions of equilibrium thermodynamics using the model of Peng-Robinson are extradited. It has been established that the heavy hydrocarbons (С_4+higher) concentration decreasing into off-gas theoretically could be achieved up to 48.41%.

Abstract: The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the degradation levels of the glutaraldehyde and xylol, after use at the General Hospital (GH) of the University of Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The degradation levels were evaluated by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC/FID). Sixteen samples were collected over an experimental period of 8 months. The degradations of glutaraldehyde and xylol were 9.19 and 1.52, respectively. Besides suggestions to improve management, the present study also suggests possible replacers for the target compounds.

Abstract: In nature, there is a large number of materials to be discovered, all with different characteristics and for certain functions. In the case of plants, they are responsible for collecting, taking care and protect water naturally.In Mexico there are different plants of the cactus family, which catch and retain water for their existence, so some plants collect more volume of body water than they have. It is very important for this investigation.In Mexico and throughout the continent there is a common cactus or chumbera that easily adapts to the environment and very rampant in this country, so that its study and analysis makes it one of the most important natural systems for this research, because 95% of it is water and the other 5% is organic material.Later, the common Maguey or agave plant is analyzed, which is important for the history of ancient Mexico, this long before the Spaniards arrived in America. The agave juice and whole plant were an important part of Mexican culture [1], even today is used in many regions and is an important part of the economy in this country.Last but not least is the barrel cactus plant, which surprisingly lets us see how natural systems build structural and formal elements in order to the creation and configuration of new materials that can significantly help to collect water.

Abstract: In this study, a set of real-time PCR primers for the detection of aflatoxin in peanut was successfully designed according to the AFLR gene of Aspergillus niger. Upstream primer was 5'-AACCTGATGACGACTGATAT-3'; Downstream primer was 5'-AGCACCTTGAGAACGATAA-3'; The real-time PCR detection system established in this study had good specificity, and the sensitivity of DNA detection can reach 3×10^-13 ng/ul. The correlation coefficient between the contents of aflatoxin in peanut samples and PCR Ct of Real-time was-0.718, and the correlation coefficient was significantly negative.

Abstract: In order to inhibit the contamination of peanut in the storage and transportation process, the research on the anti-Aspergillus flavus of the composite coating of the lemon aldehyde and chitosan was studied. The optimum formula of the coating was determined by orthogonal test. The optimum formula was that the concentration of chitosan, 6mg/ml, 0.01mg/ml, glycerol concentration of 9mg/ml. Using this formula, the growth of Aspergillus niger could be significantly inhibited.

Abstract: The performance of a biological system was evaluated for copper removal with and without the addition of an adsorbent to the aeration compartment. Three different reactors were employed in this study. The first reactor consist of biomass alone and was used as a control reactor (CR). The second reactor consist of biomass and microwave incinerated rice husk ash (MIRHA) whereas the third reactor consist of biomass and hybrid adsorbent (HA), which is a mixture of MIRHA and groundwater treatment plant sludge (GWTPS). The reactors were operated at solid retention time (SRT) of 30 days and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 19.8 hours. The experiment was conducted in 8 different phases consisting of various copper concentrations coming from the influent source. The first and second phase were acclimation period during which copper was not added to the influent wastewater. From the third to the eight phase, copper was fed to the reactors at different concentrations. Reactor performance was monitored every two days. Results show that copper toxicity was significant for the control reactor from phase from phase 5 to phase 8 with effluent concentration between 0.34 – 2.62 mg/L. Copper removal was significant for both MIRHA and HA reactor. Effluent copper concentration in the MIRHA reactor was 2.04 mg/L and 1.09 mg/L for HA reactor at phase 8 (copper concentration 15 mg/L). Addition of the adsorbents (MIRHA and HA) enhanced the biomass tolerance towards copper toxicity at high concentration and improved copper removal efficiency. This study, therefore demonstrates that low cost non-conventional adsorbents could be utilized as support materials to enhance biomass tolerance towards heavy metal toxicity.

Abstract: Recently the removal of trace element using biodegradable polymers is important. This paper involves the preparation and evaluation of chitosan/ polyethylene glycol blend served as a heavy metal removal system. The author has prepared the various blending system with different composition ratios and different crosslinking density. Experimental results indicate that the swelling degree and thermal property of the blend film are correlated with blend ratio and crosslink density. The blend film is then investigated its metal-binding performance. Copper sorption capacity is one of major potential applications in a field of wastewater treatment.

Abstract: In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalyst was generally immobilized onto glass plate support material by employing double sided adhesive tape (DSAT) as a thin layer binder. The photocatalytic performance of this new non-additive immobilization system was observed under the degradation of two different charges of dyes namely anionic reactive red 4 (RR4) and cationic methylene blue (MB) dyes. Photocatalytic degradation of RR4 and MB dyes under immobilized TiO₂/DSAT were compared with TiO₂ in suspension mode respectively. Immobilized TiO₂/DSAT was observed to have up to 30 cycles of reusability thanks to DSAT that is able to provide a very strong intact between the glass plate and TiO₂ layers. In fact, a better photodegradation activity was observed by number of photocatalysis cycles due to increasing pores formation on TiO₂ surface as observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Abstract: The degradation of fulvic acid (FA) using N–doped SnO₂/TiO₂ composite thin films coated on glass fibers prepared by sol–gel and dip–coating methods was investigated. The effects of nitrogen doping on coating morphology, physical properties, and FA degradation rates were experimentally determined. Nitrogen doping has an effect on shifting the optical absorption wavelength to visible light region, narrowing the band gap energy and reducing crystallite size which lead to the enhancement of photocatalytic performance. The optimal FA degradation rates of 40N/SnO₂/TiO₂ composite thin films under UV and solar irradiation are about 2.4 and 2.0 folds higher than that of TiO₂ film, respectively due to its narrowest band gap energy (optical absorption wavelength shifting to visible light region) and small crystallite size influenced by nitrogen doped.

Abstract: In this work, anionic RR4 dye was used to sensitize TiO2/PVA and TiO2/PEG immobilized system in enhancing photocatalytic degradation of anionic methyl orange (MO) dye. 0.3g of TiO2 and polymer binder was coated onto a clean glass plate by using brush technique to develop optimum immobilize TiO2 system. A comparison study between immobilized TiO2/PVA (Im/TiO2/PVA) and immobilized TiO2/PEG (Im/TiO2/PEG) system with and without RR4 sensitizer were carried out under 55-W fluorescent lamp and visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of MO was significantly enhanced for both RR4 dye sensitized Im/TiO2/PVA and Im/TiO2/PEG with first order rate constant was ca. 0.080 min-1 and 0.071 min-1 respectively under 55-W fluorescent lamp. Same observation as well under visible light irradiation whereby enhanced of those RR4 sensitized immobilized photocatalysts were recorded as compared with immobilized photocatalysts without RR4 as sensitizer. The photocatalytic enhancement under Im/TiO2/PVA/RR4 and Im/TiO2/PEG/RR4 are due to the ability of RR4 dye to become electron (e-) donor for conduction band (CB) of TiO2, thus making TiO2 CB riches with electron, eventually this e is used to remove MO dye by producing hydroxyl radical.