Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 848

Abstract: The aim of this work is to investigate specific properties of tin-doped magnesium phthalocyanine (Sn-doped MgPc) thin films grown by thermal co-evaporation. Morphological, optical and chemical properties of the doped-films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, electrical properties of ITO/Sn-doped-MgPc/Al devices such as carrier mobility and carrier concentration were extracted from current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. Morphology of the doped films shows strong dependence on the existence of Sn in the doped films as clearly observed by changing of features of the film surface e.g. surface grain size and roughness. Optical absorption spectra of all conditions provide regular three dominant beta-phase peaks at 352, 640 and 691 nm corresponding to absorption from B-band and Q-band, respectively. The electrical properties obtained from ITO/Sn-doped MgPc/Al device suggest that the enhancement of the current flow in the doped device is a result from the increase of both carrier mobility and carrier concentration. Moreover, photoelectron analysis reveals two formations of Sn dopant in MgPc those are tin metal and derivative of tin oxide.

Abstract: Pittosporoposis kerrii Craib is the consumed plant of Maechaedee Subdistrict, Wiang Pa Pao District, Chiang Rai Province. The area of survey is households that plant P. kerrii Craib for consuming and selling with the highest number of 200 trees per household. Therefore, this plant is increasingly interested in evaluation of the useful consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidant and nutrition facts of P. kerrii Craib. For nutrition facts per 100 g dry weight, the result revealed that P. kerrii Craib seed extraction contained 2.70 g of protein, 37.79 g of carbohydrate, 1.83 g of lipid, 1.36 g of crude fiber, 1.20 g of ash and 191.4 kcal of energy. The contents of vitamins were examined. It was found that P. kerrii Craib seeds contained vitamins B₁ and B₂ (0.018 and 0.092 mg per 100 g dry weight, respectively). Antioxidant was determined by DPPH assay method. The results showed that P. kerrii Craib seed extract had the extremely high antioxidant activity (91.20% inhibition). The experiment exposed that P. kerrii Craib seeds provided the useful consumption and should be promoted to support local economic for sustainable development.

Abstract: State diagram is a map of the different states of a food polymer as a function of water or solids content and temperature. The main advantage of drawing map is in identifying different states of a food polymer which helps in understanding the complex changes when food's water content and temperature are changed. It also assists in identifying food’s stability during storage as well as selecting suitable conditions for processing. This research successfully developed the state diagrams of two Thai rice varieties differing in amylose contents (San-pah-tawng and Phitsanulok 2) by measuring the glass line; glass transition temperature (Tg) vs. solids content, freezing curve; initial freezing point vs. solids content by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. Rice with different amylose content exhibited similar freezing curves and glass transition patterns. The state diagrams obtained in this study are in agreement with previously published data. They can be useful in optimizing the drying and freezing processes as well as studying the physicochemical changes during storage of rice.

Abstract: The objective of this work is to investigate the optical and electrical properties of bismuth-doped nickel-phthalocyanine thin films (Bi-doped NiPc). The doped films were prepared by thermal co-evaporation as a function of Bi concentration. The amount of Bi in NiPc was controlled via different deposition rates between metal dopant and organic host. The optical properties of the hybrid films were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, the electrical properties e.g. charge carrier concentration and carrier mobility of Al/Bi-doped-NiPc/ITO devices were characterized by current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. The results of optical properties suggest that the crystalline packing of NiPc molecules in all preparation conditions is a combination of α-phase (majority) and β-phase (minority). However, the evolution of β-phase NiPc is observed with the increase of metal doping concentration. Raman spectroscopic results reveal that there is no chemical bond taken place between Bi and NiPc. In addition, with increasing dopant concentration, electrical properties present the enhancement of conducting current of hybrid devices as result from the increment of both charge carrier concentration and charge carrier mobility.

Abstract: ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a low cost co-precipitation method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as the raw materials. It was observed that the synthesized temperatures greatly effect on the size of ZnO nanoparticles. The lower synthesized temperatures resulted in the smaller nanoparticles. By adjusting the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide, the size of ZnO nanoparticles was also changed. The smallest ZnO particles was 47 nm obtained with 0.7 mole of sodium hydroxide. The smallest ZnO nanoparticles from each synthesized temperatures were fabricated as humidity sensor, showing an impressive performance under different relative humidity (17-94% RH). It should be noticed that the ZnO nanoparticles humidity sensor synthesized at 75 °C exhibited high response for 2 times higher than that of synthesized at 95 °C. This is attributed to the higher surface area of ZnO nanoparticles for absorbed water molecule.

Abstract: In this work, the influence of the substrate temperature on properties of cobalt oxide thin films has been reported. Cobalt oxide thin films were prepared by electrostatic spray deposition technique on glass substrate at different temperature of the substrate. The properties of cobalt oxide films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometer, respectively. In additional, the crystalline structural parameters can be performed from XRD data. Phase transformation of cobalt oxide films due to different substrate temperature was observed. Moreover, the optical properties of films were depended on the quantity of phase transition in cobalt oxide film.

Abstract: Research objectives were to study the formula, process and the ratio of Okara (Dry basis) to reduce the amount of wheat flour to produce the ice-cream cone. Gluten is a protein composite found in wheat (Triticum spp.) and related grains, including barley and rye which causes health problems in sufferers of celiac disease and some cases of wheat allergy. The Okara was prepared by dried at 70 degree Celsius, 10 hours after that grind and screen size unless 60 mesh. The experimental design was CRD at 3 levels (Okara:wheat flour) such as 30:70, 35:65 and 40:60. Use 9 Points Hedonic Scale test was performed for each treatment. Thirty panelists were most acceptable at 35:65 the result found the characteristic for odor was 6.80+ 1.03, taste was 7.23+ 0.97, texture was 7.23+ 0.72, and overall acceptance was 7.30+ 0.70 there were significant differences (p<0.05) which was well accepted with score 6-7 (like slightly-like moderately) which there was significant differences (p<0.05) with 30:70 and 40:60. The finished product had Aw 0.31±0.05, 16.12±0.58 %hardness, and could be stored at room temperature for 23 days and not found Staphylococcus aureus, yeast and mold. Nutrients content 1.55±0.05%fiber, 17.22±0.05%fat, 13.56±0.04%protein, 63.61±0.24%carbohydrate and 1.14±0.02%ash.

Abstract: This paper aims to study the prediction of 4G traffic for customer’s demand of Lao Telecommunications Company (LTC) using statistical method called Cubic method. The data used in our paper are the actual number of customers and the actual bandwidth used by the customers in each month. Those actual data used for predicting the future number of customers and bandwidth used by the customers are collected from January 2014 to April 2015. The accuracy of the prediction is evaluated by using the Mean Square Error (MSE). In our paper, the derived average accuracy is 98%, the results may be used to considering for improving the throughput of Evolved Packet Core (EPC) there by providing the better service to the customer.

Abstract: In the developing world artisanal fishermen use kerosene lanterns for night fishing. Solar powered fishing lights became an ecologic and economic alternative to the kerosene lanterns due to the development of high efficiency LED light sources and low price solar cells. In the last years several solar fishing light systems were developed. The choice of the battery technology influences the reliability and the operating cost of the fishing light, because the battery has the lowest lifetime of all components of the fishing light.In this paper we describe the results of a battery simulation over 5 years time: The battery is daily charged by a solar module and discharged by night fishing. The meteorological irradiation data of Tanzania are used. Different battery technologies (Lead Acid, Lithium-Ion, Lithium-Iron-Phosphate) are tried out.The results of the simulation are the battery lifetime, cost and waste mass per year dependent on the battery technology. The study shows, that the Lithium-Iron-Phosphate technology is the best choice in terms of these factors and to the advantage of the poverty-stricken fishermen at the Victoria Lake in Tanzania and the environment.

Abstract: It becomes more and more popular to use electric drives using rechargeable batteries as a replacement of traditional gas engines in vehicles and tools, or as a new assistive feature in e-bikes. Due to the high cost of batteries, industry and users demand better understanding of proper usage pattern of these batteries in terms of discharging/charging cycles in order to extend batteries’ life-time. In the ongoing research project PedElEc we work towards a better understanding of the ageing processes of e-bike batteries by observing groups of users applying different usage pattern. By doing so, we learn about long-term consequences of different usage pattern and compare them with regard to battery capacity and performance. In the end, we hope to be able to give valid recommendations on how to handle batteries in e-bikes with regard to discharging-charging cycles, acceptable storage of batteries, and preferable load.