Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 848

Abstract: In this paper, we collected 12 commercially available paper towels from the local market and their shearing properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three properties namely: (i) shear rigidity (G), (ii) shear stress at 0.5º (2HG) and (iii) shear stress at 5º (2HG5) were studied. Experimental results revealed that the shearing properties varied within the products. G was used as the key property for discussing the shearing properties of paper towels. However, in correlating different shearing properties, it was found that 2HG and 2HG5 had strong Pearson correlation. However, no significant statistically relationship between weight and thickness to G was found. This study may provide data for the industry for the improvement of shearing properties of paper towels for local market.

Abstract: 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the local market and studied in this paper. Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F) was used for evaluating their bending properties. Two bending properties namely: (i) bending rigidity (B) and (ii) bending moment (2HB) were evaluated. Experimental results indciated that the bending properties varied within the products. B was used as the key property for discussing the bending properties of paper towels. When the correlations of different bending properties were investigated, it was found that no significant was found between B and 2HB. However, there was significant statistically relationship between weight and B but no relationship between thickness and B. With the use of the results, the product developer could improve the bending properties of the paper towels.

Abstract: In this study, 12 commercially available paper towels were collected from the market. Their shearing properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Three properties namely: (i) coefficient of friction (MIU), (ii) deviation of MIU (MMD) and (iii) geometric roughness (SMD). Experimental results revealed that the surface properties varied within the products. When different properties were correlated, it was found that there was not significantly relationship between MIU, MMD and SMD. However, weight and thickness had well statistically relationship to SMD.

Abstract: In this study, three commercially available innerwears were collected from the market. Their air permeability and thermal properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). Exerimental results revealed that the fibre content played an important role in affecting the air permeability and the thermal properties of the innerwears.

Abstract: In this study, three commercially available innerwears were collected from the market. Their moisture management properties were measured. Experimental results revealed that the fibre content played an important role in affecting the moisture management properties of the innerwears.

Abstract: In this study, 6 commercially available single jersey knit outerwears with different colour were collected from the market which claimed to have ultraviolet protection factor of 25. In vitro method with the use of spectrophotometer was used for evaluating their ultraviolet protection properties. Experimental results revealed that the L* values has a higher correlation with UPF but a* and b* values do not have a significant correlation with UPF of fabrics. Moreover, all samples had a UPF value higher than 25.

Abstract: In this study, 6 commercially available single jersey knit outerwears were collected from the market which claimed to have ultraviolet protection factor of 25. In vitro method with the use of spectrophotometer was used for evaluating their ultraviolet protection properties under different stretch conditions. Experimental results revealed that the stretch would greatly reduce the UV protection properties of knit outwears.

Abstract: We collected 6 commercially available single jersey knit outerwears from the market which claimed to have ultraviolet protection factor of 25. In vitro method with the use of spectrophotometer was used for investigating their ultraviolet protection properties under different moisture conditions. Experimental results revealed that the moisture would greatly reduce the UV protecion properties of knit outwears. The higher the moisture content, the lower will be the UV proection properties of the outwears.

Abstract: Natural dye solution from longan leaves was applied to the simultaneous dyeing of silk fabric and using alum, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and stannous chloride as a mordanting agents. The dyeing properties and effects of simutaneous-mordanting on the hue, colour strength and colour value were revealed. The results show that The K/S values increased with an increase of metal mordant concentration. The mordant activity sequence was CuSO₄> FeSO₄> AlK(SO₄)₂ > SnCl₂. The obtained colour values show that silk fabrics dyed without mordant exhibited dark brown colour, while those mordanted with aluminum potassium sulfate (alum), stannous chloride and copper sulfate showed a variety of medium to dark brown shades. With ferrous sulfate, the colour shade was darker and duller. The colour fastness results showed good to very good level.

Abstract: In this study, silk nanofibre sheets were prepared by a needleless electrospinning from silk fibroin in a mixture of formic acid and calcium chloride. The influences of the concentration of calcium chloride on the properties of spinning solution, morphology of the silk electrospun fibres and the spinning performance of the spinning process were examined. The results show that calcium chloride can improve the solubility of silk fibroin in formic acid. The morphology of electrospun fibres was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which indicates that the morphology of obtained fibres was influenced by the weight ratio of silk fibre to calcium chloride in the spinning solution. It was observed that the concentration of calcium chloride in the spinning solution influenced the diameter of the silk electrospun fibres, with an increase in the concentration of calcium chloride increasing the diameters of the electrospun fibres. The silk nanofibres had diameters ranging from 440 to 1900 nm. However, increasing the concentration of calcium chloride in the spinning solution had a less influence on the spinning performance of electrospinning process.