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The Morphological Structure Analysis of Precursor and Active Cathode Material NMC-811 with Variations in Reaction Time, Holding Time, and Temperature

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Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries are the preferred choice for electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high energy density, low self-discharge, thermal stability, and long cycle life. Morphology of materials is essential in assessing the effectiveness of lithium-ion battery cathodes. One effective way to evaluate cathode quality is by examining its precursor (NMC-811) morphology using SEM. Samples were taken every 20 minutes over 2 hours, revealing that longer reaction times improve the homogeneity and semi-spherical shape of the NMC-811 precursor, with increased particle density and a reduced average diameter. NMC-811 was synthesized by a calcination process at temperatures of 450°C, 600°C, and 700°C, and sintering temperatures of 800°C and 900°C. SEM analysis revealed that higher calcination temperatures resulted in a more homogeneous particle structure, with variations in holding time having minimal impact on particle shape.

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Periodical:

Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 931)

Pages:

95-101

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-AS0bmy

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Online since:

February 2026

Authors:

Agus Purwanto*, Akbar Sigit Sucahyo, Arin Kurniasari, Fauzia Sukma Malinda, Muhammad Rizal Utama

Keywords:

Holding Time, Morphological Structure, NMC-811, Reaction Time, Temperature

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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