Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1085

Abstract: Chronic experiments with male Wistar rats were carried out to investigate the delayed effects of oral administration of titanium dioxide nanoand microparticles on the integral indices of the body condition and level of the oxidative stress. It was found that the studied titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles produced different effects on the indicated characteristics: on the 7^th day after the experiment, the animal bodyweight decreased in both experimental groups as compared to control; weight factors in the brain and testicles of the rats fed with TiO₂ microparticles increased with respect to control group and to the group of rats fed with TiO₂ nanoparticles; the oxidative stress developed in the group of rats fed with TiO₂ microparticles because the level of oxidized products increased in the brain (cerebellum) and antioxidant ability of the tissue decreased in the liver. In the group of rats fed with TiO₂ nanoparticles, no changes in the level of oxidized products and antioxidant ability in the body tissues were found in comparison with control group on the 7^th day after the experiment. Thus, in the study of biological effects of TiO₂ nanoparticles, an additional control with investigation of TiO₂ macro-or microparticles is necessary, because TiO₂ microparticles were shown to have the biological efficacy.

Abstract: Increasing production of nanomaterials makes the study of nanoparticles fate in the environment of immediate interest. Nanomaterials are known to radically change their properties when released into the environment. In this work, the ability of nanoparticles to form stable dispersions in physiological solutions has been demonstrated. The dispersions were prepared by mixing nanopowders of zinc (13.58 m²/g), copper (24.66 m²/g), aluminum oxides (54.75 m²/g), and zirconium dioxide (8.10 m²/g) with phosphate buffered saline, an isotonic solution of glucose and artificial lysosomal fluid. With the help of laser diffraction method and transmission electron microscopy it was shown that unstable suspensions (with the dispersoid size of 6...49 μm) and aggregative-stable lyosols (with the particles size of 20...300 nm) were formed in dispersions of nanoparticles in physiological media.

Abstract: Nowadays, the question about the negative impacts of liver fluke on the host organism and mechanisms of this damage is open. The bio-concentration of some heavy and toxic metals in tissue of adult forms of Opisthorchis felineus and its accumulation in liver tissue and cardiac muscle in the Syrian Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) model was analyzed. It is outlined, that Opisthorchis felineus infection leads to accumulating aluminum in a liver tissue of the host. It was also found, that adult fluke bio-concentrates iron and aluminum in their tissue. The shortage of such essential elements as Mn, Zn and Сu in infected organism is discussed.

Abstract: Preliminary evaluation of toxic effect of commercially manufactured carbon nanostructured material based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) upon laboratory mice C57B6/DBA2 males was carried out. It was found that thirty-day oral administration of nanotubes in doses of 0.3 and 3 mg/kg has no effect on liver condition, while administration of 30 mg/kg leads to formation of inflammatory infiltrates together with hepatocyte structure modification. The obtained results are of potential interest for development of industrial safety standards in nanomaterial handling and for development of standards for reproductive toxicity of carbon nanomaterials.

Abstract: The exponential growth of nanoparticle-containing goods and waste of the recent years will lead unavoidably to nanomaterials entering environment, generating in local biota and abiotic environment, and potentially transmitting to man. Aerial and water transmission of nanoparticles eventually will cause its generation in soil and further transmission to plants and animals via food chains.

Abstract: Studies have been conducted to investigate biomass accumulation of earthworms (Eisenia fetida andrei), cultivated in the soil media under various concentrations of the slaked lime. The group, which is cultivated on the media with lime concentration 0.1% is characterized by maximum biomass accumulation (average – 120 %). As a result we have discovered two phase kinetic dependence between biomass accumulation of earthworms and the amount of the slaked lime.

Abstract: A new method in situ for producing of biocompatible composites based on hydroxyapatite and oligomers of lactic and glycolic acid is described. Their thermo-mechanical, physical-chemical and biological properties are studied as well. The formation of bonds between hydroxyapatite with lactic and glycolic oligomers in composites are confirmed by IR spectroscopy of the samples, including those obtained in the Soxhlet apparatus. The formation of calcium-phosphate layer on the composite's surface containing hydroxyapatite was shown by SBF-investigation. The scaffolds based on lactic acid oligomer do not stimulate formation of a calcium-phosphate layer and they are subjected to destruction by the way of hydrolysis.

Abstract: Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) are widely used nanomaterial with particle size below 100 nanometers TiO₂ is applied as a pigment to provide whiteness to such products as paints, paper, foodstuffs, medicines, toothpastes, etc. However, neurotropic properties of titanium dioxide remains unclear. This work aimed evaluation of neurotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (12 nm particle size) serially administered to Wistar rats in dose of 250 mg/kg for 7 days. Behavioral and physiological observations were registered immediately after treatment. Results showed that nanoTiO₂ particles caused reducing of general motor activity in rats and a shift of the electroencephalogram (EEG) power toward low frequencies of (EEG), while aggressive behavior, and open field behavior did not change. The depressive effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the central nervous system (CNS) observed in our study might be related to neuronal damage caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the impairment of synaptic transmission.

Abstract: The paper is focused on the evaluation of the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP -2, MMP -3, MMP - 9), tissue inhibitors (TIMP -1 and TIMP -2), natriuretic peptides, pusle wave velocity in patients (pts) with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in 12 month after ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The study included 55 pts. The serum levels of MMP -2, MMP -3, MMP - 9, the precursor of matrix metalloproteinase -1 (proMMP -1), TIMP -1 and TIMP -2, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined by ELISA. BNP in whole blood was determined on panels Triage BNP test. The most pts had class II NYHA (49%), as was often II class angina (53%). Increases in levels of BNP were dependent on class of NYHA. The stiffness of the great arteries was associated with increasing in BNP and NT-proBNP. There were no changes in levels of proMMP-1, MMP 3, MMP-2, MMP-9. But the serum levels of TIMP-1, hsCRP were increased in pts with HFpEF after STEMI. A positive relationship between hsCRP and TIMP-1 was obtained. Moreover, we found decreasing in levels of MMP-3 in pts with increased rigidity without the risk of cardiovascular events.

Abstract: Our study has demonstrated feasibility of performing larynx preservation surgeries in patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer after failure of radiotherapy. The technique of combined laryngeal reconstruction with endografts from superelastic titanium-nickelid-based alloy results in improvement of life quality by preserving laryngeal functions.