Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1092-1093

Abstract: Most failures of hydraulic engineering caused by hydrology events are rarely a function of just one source variable (e.g.wave,tide level,river flow,rainfall),but more usually of two or more variables.So,the correlation of two variables which are partially dependent is important for hydrologic design and floodplain management.The objective of this paper is to discuss the correlation degree between two variables by kendall's rank correlation coefficient test.As a case,the observations of rainfalls, tide levels and wind speeds,collected from 1971 to 2002 in Shenzhen city of China,were used in this paper.The results show that kendall’s rank correlation coefficients obtained by the test range from 0.13 to 0.61.This means that there is a significant correlation between any two of these hydrologic variables.

Abstract: A environment isotope study was carried out to reveal the variation of isotope composition in Jinxiuchuan River water in Jinan. The water samples were collected during June and July for 2012 and 2013.The stable isotopes in river water have a wide range from 74.03‰ to-54.8 ‰ for δD, -10.83‰~-7.34‰ forδ¹⁸O. The mean isotope values is-64.33‰ forδD, -9.01‰ forδ¹⁸O. The d-excess values range from 0.37‰ to 16.32‰ with an average value of 7.72‰. The regression slope in the regression indicates that the river water is evaporated after recharging.

Abstract: Inland plain shallow saline water has great exploitation potentiality. Based on field water testing, water level monitoring, pumping test, as well as indoor leaching experiment, applying mathematical statistics, Pipers trilinear nomograph and PHREEQC chemistry simulation methods, saline water area of the town of Sungeng Jiyang was studied. The results showed as follows: (1) Inland shallow groundwater presents “weather-evaporative” dynamic type; (2)The shallow saline water and middle-deep groundwater belonging to different flow system; (3) Because of the creeping flow and aqueous medium riched in clay, inland shallow groundwater mineralized significantly. In saline water area inland plain, the unique features of groundwater circulation result in brackish water dynamic relative stability.

Abstract: This paper predicted HuangShui River carrying capacity level of environmental resources at the end of the "twelfth five-year" period and even longer, based on the economic and social development in the base year 2011 data, to provide reference for the development of various government related department reference.

Abstract: Currently, there are lots of groundwater simulation softwares, but the GMS software is being more and more widely used , with friendly interface, powerful front and post-processing functions and good effect of 3 d visualization. In GMS software, on the basis of a brief introduction to the module of the software, presenting the advantages of the software and analyzing the prospects in the research field of mine water prevention and control of application.

Abstract: Based on the observed data, hydrodynamic sediment environment and port development in the Matakong sea area are researched. The results show: (1) the local tide belongs to regular semi-diurnal tide. The mean tide range is 2.42m. The mean current velocity is from 0.11m/s to 0.39m/s, and the max vertical mean current speed is from 0.18m/s to 0.60m/s. The prevailing direction is mainly from W to SW, the mean wave height is less than 1.0m, the maximum wave height is 1.5m around, and the mean period is from 4.6s to 4.7s. (2) Medium grain sizes of seabed sediment samples are from 0.0038mm to 3.0597mm in the dry season and from 0.0075mm to 1.1044mm in the rainy season. (3) Average suspended sediment concentration is 0.02-0.09 kg/m³, and the max sediment concentration presents 0.3kg/m³ approximately. (4) Most parts of the sea area are equilibrium in sixty years, and the erosion and deposited ranges are 3.0cm/a about. (5) After the ore wharf development, deposited sediment is mainly mud. The annual mean deposited strength of the channel is from 0.14m/a to 0.84m/a, and the annual mean deposited strength in the harbor basin is 0.42m/a.

Abstract: A water price-supply model is presented to describe the relationship between water price and water supplier's decision in a closed irrigation district. Then some nonlinear studies are implemented, such as Neimark-Sacker bifurcation , chaotic attractor, Lyapunov exponents and time series. It shows that the parameter of the water price can lead the price-supply system from stability into bifurcation and chaos.

Abstract: Using pot experiment to study the effect of three organic fertilizers of chicken manure compost (CM), activated sludge (AS) and cassava residue compost (CR) on the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in clay soil under flooded conditions. The results showed that the regular patterns of the concentrations of DOC are basically the same in clay soils on applying three kinds of organic fertilizers and no applying fertilizers under flooded conditions. They were all showed as a “down-up-down” trend. The three kinds of organic fertilizers could effectively increase the concentrations of DOC in clay soils. And the concentrations of DOC gradually increased with increasing of the added proportion of organic fertilizers in clay soils, which respectively increased 1.34% ~ 52.64%, 4.58% ~ 149.98% and 2.64% ~ 72.45% in the treatments on 1%~3% addition amount of CM, AS and CR. It indicated that the improving effect of three kinds of organic fertilizers on the concentrations of DOC showed as AS>CR>CM in clay soils under flooded conditions.

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effect of biochar on NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emission in brown soil by using enclosed acid absorbing method and static chamber-gas chromatograph method. The results showed that without fertilizing, there was no significant effect of biochar effect on NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emissions but if biochar was combined with urea, a dramatic mitigation of which could be found. Biochar application was supposed to regulate urea-N transformation more easily than soil nitrogen. Under the conditions of this experiment, both NB20 (20 t·hm^-2 of biochar and conventional nitrogen fertilizer applied) and NB40 (40 t·hm^-2 of biochar and conventional nitrogen fertilizer applied) treatments reduced NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emissions significantly. By contrast of NB0 (single urea), the accumulated NH₃ volatilization and N₂O emissions of NB20 and NB40 decreased by 15.6% and 24.4% and by 21.76% and 19.56% respectively. Under conventional fertilization conditions (NB0), 10.35% of nitrogen in fertilizer was lost in the form of NH₃ and N₂O, and compared with NB0, NB20 and NB40 reduced nitrogen gaseous loss from fertilizer by 2.76% and 4.12% respectively.

Abstract: Effect of different amount sandy soil amendment on soil moisture and millet growth was studied in a rainfed field experiment in a semi-arid region in northern China in 2011-2013. Three-year results show: sandy soil amendment treatments all increased soil moisture, they are T3>T4>T5>T2>T1>CK, and with depth of soil layer increasing, differences of among treatments reduced; it can significantly (P<0.05) increased plant height of millet and dry matter accumulation above-ground by 1.77%-25.67% and 3.21%-104.79% respectively compared with CK; grain yield under sandy soil amendment is significantly (P<0.05) higher than CK, yield of 18000 kg·hm^-2 and 24000 kg·hm^-2 treatments is higher than others,being 5102.55 kg·hm^-2 and 5035.85 kg·hm^-2, biological yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency have the same effect as grain yield. Above all, using sandy soil amendment can improve the condition of soil moisture and fertilizer, sufficiently use limited rainfall, increase crop yield, increases water and fertilizer use efficiency, treatments with 18000 kg·hm^-2,24000 kg·hm^-2 sandy soil amendment show a better effect on resisting drought, retaining fertilizer and increasing yield under millet production in all the treatments.