Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1098

Abstract: In this paper, p-CuO/n-CdS heterojunction was prepared by thermal evaporating CdS thin films on CuO 1 mm thick ceramic pellet substrate. The electrical properties of p-CuO/n-CdS heterojunction were investigated by forward current–voltage–temperature (I–V–T) characteristics in the temperature range of 100-300 K. The junction barrier height, ideality factor, and the series resistance values of the diode evaluated by using thermionic emission (TE) theory and Cheung’s method are 0.566 eV, 5.535 and 618.24 Ω at 300 K, respectively. The junction barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance were found to be strong temperature dependence. In part of C-V measurements at room temperature, the obtained built-in potential value being 0.538 V is well consistent with the junction barrier height value evaluated from I-V measurements

Abstract: CuO thin films were obtained through thermal oxidation of dc magnetron sputtered metallic Cu films on glass substrates. Thermal oxidation process was performed in air at temperature ranging 300-500 °C. From XRD patterns, CuO single phase of monoclinic structure was formed at oxidation temperature beyond 450 °C whereas amorphous phase with very small grains was obtained at oxidation temperature below 450 °C. The positive sign of the Hall coefficient confirmed the p-type conductivity in all studied films. From transmission spectra, direct band gap value is varied between 2.17 and 2.83eV. From the transient photoconductivity measurements, persistent photoconductivity (PPC) behavior was observed. The decay current data were better fitted with the multiple exponential functions resulting into five slow decay times. Density of trap states corresponding to its decay time was also evaluated from the decay current data.

Abstract: ZnSe thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by CW-CO₂ laser evaporation with the various evaporation times and laser power. SEM studies showed that the thicknesses of deposited films were varied from 176 nm to 1824 nm. AFM studies showed that the surface roughnesses were varied from 2.4 nm to 5.1 nm. The structure of deposited films were indicated by XRD technique which the result showed the cubic structure. The average crystallite sizes were calculated from the XRD pattern with ranged between 23.8 nm and 31.7 nm. The transmission spectates were ranged from 250 nm to 900 nm. The values of the optical bandgap energies determined from the absorption spectra were ranged between 2.61 eV and 2.88 eV. This paper presents the simple and low cost technique for ZnSe film deposition. Another advantage of this research is the high-precision control of thickness by the variation of the evaporation time and laser power.

Abstract: Layer-by-layer (L-b-L) assembly is a simple method that is useful in immobilizing nanomaterials into thin films. However, the retention of the optical and photogalvanic property of the nanoparticles and the functionalization of these materials are the common issues raised regarding this technique. In this study, L-b-L thin films were prepared from γ-radiation reduced,silver/poly (acrylic acid) nanocomposites (Ag/PAA). Negatively surface charged nanocomposites were immobilized on different silica surfaces, namely quartz, Indium Tin Oxide-modified glass and ordinary glass. Characterization of the solution and bound form of the nanocomposites were done to evaluate the retention of their novel properties. The size distribution of the solution-phased Ag/PAA was assessed using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The surface morphology, spectroscopic and electronic properties of the multilayer films were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and cyclic voltammetry (CV).

Abstract: Adsorption and encapsulation of the nanoparticles in polyelectrolytes impart stability to the nanometal by preventing aggregation through electrostatic and steric effects. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) was employed as a polymer cap to anatase titania nanoparticles. Cross-linking of the polymer was done via free-radical cross-linking using gamma-irradiation. The size of the nanocomposite produced ranged from 40-120 nm. SEM images showed that excess TiO₂ in solution becomes nucleation sites for aggregation. Film assembly of the synthesized nanocomposite were done by layer-by-layer deposition with PDDA. Films formed with increasing thickness (5, 10, and 15 layers) were analyzed under AFM and shown to have a thickness of 0.25 μm, 1.1μm and 3.0 μm respectively.The average film layer thickness obtained ranged from 50-200 nm per TiO₂/PAA-PDDA layer where as the number of layers deposited increase, the layer thickness increase while the roughness decreases.

Abstract: In this work, we are we are going to search the most thermal and energy efficient IO Standards among the HSTL family and I2C family on 45 nm technology based FPGA. Here we are also doing thermal analysis for 273.15K-343.15K temperature, while during comparing the different IO Standards, we are taking the improvement level at 283.15K. In leakage power analysis, we are getting 9.09% improvement in HSTL with respect to others and in IO power analysis I2C shows 57.89% improvement with respect to others. In thermal analysis for maximum ambient temperature, we observe 1.79% improvement in HSTL_II as compared to others and in Junction Temperature analysis HSTL_I and I2C are 3.6% efficient than others. HSTL_I has minimum Theta Junction to Ambient Temperature value. In this work, we are using 45nm Spartan-6 FPGA. . We are taking airflow of 250LFM where LFM is a unit of airflow. LFM is linear feet per minute. Adder is our target design.

Abstract: In this work, we are going to search the most thermal and energy efficient technology among 90nm, 65nm, 45nm, 40nm and 38nm technology based FPGA, and also searching the most thermal and energy efficient airflow, and heat sink profile. We are also doing thermal analysis for 273.15K-343.15K temperature. we are getting 31.67%, 75.71%, reduction in leakage power for 250LFM and 58.53%, 75.71% reduction in leakage power for 500LFM when we scale down ambient temperature from 343.15K to 283.15K for 65nm, 28nm technology based FPGA. There is 84.54%, 85.65%, reduction in junction temperature for 250LFM, 84.90%, 85.65%, reduction in junction temperature for 500LFM when we scale down ambient temperature from 343.15K to 283.15K for 65nm, 28nm technology based FPGA. In this work, we are using 90nm Spartan-3E FPGA, 65nm Virtex-5 FPGA, 45nm Spartan-6 FPGA, 40nm Virtex-6 FPGA, and 28nm Artix-7 FPGA. We are taking two different airflow of 250LFM and 500LFM. LFM is a unit of airflow. LFM is linear feet per minute. Adder is our target design.

Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the impact of biodiesel-diesel-bioethanol (BDE) fuel blend on the corrosion behavior of copper. Static immersion tests in B45D35E20 (45% biodiesel, 35% diesel and 20% bioethanol) were carried out at room temperature (25°C) and 50° for 408 hours. Mechanical, physical and chemical properties of copper were investigated before and after immersion tests. Investigations were carried out on the change in morphological properties using optical microscope; change in chemical structure using FTIR; change in mass and volume by weight loss measurement; and hardness changes using universal hardness tester. The changes of fuel properties of the blend such as total acid number (TAN) and color changes were also investigated. The results showed that the corrosion rate of copper in B45D35E20 at high temperature (50°C) is comparatively lower than the previous studies reported for pure biodiesel (B100).

Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the impact of biodiesel-diesel-bioethanol (BDE) blended fuel on the degradation behavior of elastomers such as nitrile rubber (NBR) and polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE). Static immersion test in B20D75E5 blends (20% biodiesel, 75% diesel and 5% bioethanol) at 50°C for 200 h was carried out. At the end of immersion test, degradation behaviour of elastomers was investigated by measuring mass, volume and hardness. The exposed surface of elastomers was studied using optical microscope (OM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out to identify the chemical and structural changes in the elastomers. Moreover, physical and chemical characteristics of the fuel blend after the immersion test such as total acid number (TAN), density and colour change were also investigated. Results showed that the degradation of NBR was high compared to PTFE.