Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1120-1121

Abstract: Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) has attracted much interest in material field due to its unique semiconductor-metal phase transition properties. And now, the problem of stability has been highlighted and concerned for the practical application in VO₂. In order to establish a relatively complete guide of stability study on VO₂ which would contribute to deeply and systematically researches, the article made a review of the stability study on VO2 from thermal excitation, photo-excitation and electro-excitation. Moreover, the key aspects for future research on the stability study of VO₂ was proposed.

Abstract: A new molecular complex constructed by fumaric acid with piperazine has been prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The number of fumaric acid involved in the complex equals to the number of N-protonated binding sites in the piperazine molecule. The structure contained infinite 1D supramolecular chains held together by robust, primary O–H•••O charge-assisted hydrogen bonds, and the 2D sheet like pattern constructed via the expected carboxyl-piperazine heterosynthon. Persistent N–H•••O interactions were found to play an important role in the formation of the final 3D arrays. The five dominant supramolecular synthons in the crystal structure are the heteromeric carboxylic acid•••piperazine hydrogen bond interactions, which prevail in the presence of widely differing chemical functionalities. Thermal stability of the compound has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of mass loss.

Abstract: LiMnO2 are synthesized by hydrothermal technique by using Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O and MnO2 with the same mole ratio which are dissolved in aqueous solution with different concentration LiOH. Structural characterization based on X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveals that LiMnO2 is in a well-order orthorhombic structure with lower stacking faults compared to the LiMnO2 prepared by other techniques. Experimental results show that the concentration of lithium hydroxide in aqueous solution affect the quality of LiMnO2.

Abstract: Porous silicon (p-Si) was fabricated by single-groove electrochemical anodic etching method; the influence of large etching current density on the surface morphology was observed. And the surface microstructure and photoluminescence (PL) of p-Si were shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and PL spectra, respectively. The SEM image showed that a new microstructure was formed at the large current density etching area, which resembled a crater structure; and the area away from the crater appeared the porous structure. The comparison results of the PL spectra for the different areas indicated that PL of the crater area has a shorter wavelength.

Abstract: A flexible, controllable and facile synthesis route was presented in the synthesis of spherical particles of mesoporous SBA-15 with diameter up to 28 nm, and particle diameter of 3-5 µm. The structures and morphology of these materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption analysis and scanning electron micrographs (SEM). The relationship between the porous property of silica and the weight ratio of starch to TMB were discussed. It indicates that the weight ratio of starch to TMB have a significant effect on the pore size, the surface area and also contribute to a narrow pore size distribution.

Abstract: In this paper, the optimal projection recognition (OPR) developed in our lab has been used to find the regularities of forming core-shell Co-Al Hydroxides superstructures.The criteria for predicting core-shell Co-Al Hydroxides superstructures can be obtained by using OPR method among different kinds of pattern recognition diagrams. The new samples predicted to be core-shell Co-Al Hydroxides superstructures were designed by using the inverse projection based on the OPR method. The predicted results agreed well with our experiments. Therefore, the work presented is very useful in the shape-controlled synthesis of core-shell Co-Al Hydroxides superstructures.

Abstract: Multi-functional scouring agent (M.F.S.A.) successfully can replace caustic soda, soda ash, scouring agent and H₂O₂ –bleach stabilizer. It has strong properties of washing, dispersing, emulsifying and chelating, particularly applicable to bleach bath. In this experiment three processes like desizing, scouring and bleaching were done by single stage. Grey fabrics (woven) were treated by using various concentrations of M.F.S.A. and H₂O₂ at different temperature variation. The maximum value of whiteness of treated fabric were found at 80°C by using the concentration of M.F.S.A. and H₂O₂ (3.0 g/L and 3.0 g/L respectively). Also minimize required number of chemical used for bleaching process; here only two chemicals used for whole process. No additional chemicals used for water treatment and washing of treated fabric. After process only cold wash were done. Finally by using less concentration of both M.F.S.A. and H₂O₂ have got comparatively better result for whiteness and tensile strength.

Abstract: Cotton fabric was dyed with Liyuan Blue FL-RN reactive dye. The dye exhaustion and fixation percentages were calculated for all light, medium and dark shades. The dye shows very good exhaustion and fixation properties. Dyed samples were tested for light fastness property as per international standards. The results indicates the dye has a good light fastness property. The effect of UV absorber was studied in order to improve light fastness property. Cationic UV absorber CANFIX SUN was applied on the dyed cotton fabric by exhaust method. The results show that the color depth was similar after UV absorber treatment. In all the cases the use of UV absorber improved the light fastness of dyed fabrics as compared to untreated dyed samples.

Abstract: The many advantages offered by chrome tanning justify its widespread use for production of almost all types of leather. However, the traditional chromium (III) tanning process is constantly under threat from the pressure of legislation, and ever-tightening restrictions require to minimize chromium-containing effluents discharge and chromium-containing wastes production. Recently, the manufacture and use of chromium (III) free tanning agents compounds have been studied intensively. Among these, Titanium (IV)-based salts is one of the most promising substitutes.In this study, the use of titanyl sulfate as tanning agent for the production of high-quality bovine upper leather was investigated. In order to optimize the titanium tanning performances, a comparative evaluation, on pilot-scale, of citrate and lactate ions as masking agents was performed.The developed process has been validated through various analyses of the obtained crust leathers such as shrinkage temperature, scanning electron microscopy, and physical testing. The final leather obtained with the innovative method shows similar properties to those of the conventional tanned leather in terms of technical and mechanical properties.

Abstract: Microalgae have rich oil production under full photosynthesis, which reaches over 50 mass%. In addition, microalgae oil contains the prolific cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that is usually refined for making health food or food additives. This study investigated Aurantiochytrium sp., which is a kind of microalgae, the oil of which is also refined for use in health food or food additives. The solid byproducts of Aurantiochytrium sp. oil are more than 20 mass%, discarded as rubbish. Fortunately, the solid byproducts have been found to contain a large amount of palmitic acid that exceeds more than 67 mass%, but it is difficult to transesterify from the solid byproducts of Aurantiochytrium sp. oil, such as the waste cooking oil or waste engine oil, which contain many impurities. Therefore, the sequences of saponification, reduction reaction, and acid-catalyzed reactions were conducted for the full process of transesterification in this study. Overall, we have successfully obtained more than 92 mass% transesterification rate from the solid byproducts of Aurantiochytrium sp. oil. The solid byproducts are waste turned into gold.