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Biochar Derived from Ketapang (Terminalia catappa) Leaves by Hydrothermal Process as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Hg from Aqueous Solution

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Abstract:

This study explores the use of biochar derived from Ketapang (Terminalia catappa) leaf waste, prepared via a hydrothermal process and activated with KOH, as an adsorbent for removing mercury (Hg) from aqueous solutions. The study addresses the environmental challenge of heavy metal contamination using a low-cost, sustainable material. Activation increased the surface area of the biochar from 0.067 to 0.450 m²/g, enhancing its adsorption performance. The hydrothermal process was optimized at 220°C, where the biochar exhibited the highest Hg removal efficiency of 71.05% for a 50 ppm Hg(NO3)2 solution. The adsorption behavior was best described by the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The adsorption mechanism likely involves physical and chemisorption interactions, supported by changes in surface morphology, functional groups, and elemental composition. This study demonstrates the promising application of Ketapang leaf biochar as an eco-friendly adsorbent for mercury removal, with implications for water treatment technologies.

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Periodical:

Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1188)

Pages:

121-129

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-EO5upO

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Online since:

February 2026

Authors:

Bregas Siswahjono Tatag Sembodo*, Kaila Isyatirrodhiyah, Vanesya Salsabila

Keywords:

Adsorbent, Hydrothermal, Ketapang

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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