Advanced Materials Research Vols. 133-134

Abstract: Tahtakale Bath, which is located in the town of Tire in the province of İzmir, Turkey, was constructed in the 15th.century and is one of the outstanding existing examples of Ottoman period baths. The building, which was designed as a double bath, was considerably damaged because of inaccurate interventions after losing its original function, lack of maintenance and natural circumstances. The parts which were reused have considerably lost their original characteristics. This study aims to introduce the construction technique of Tahtakale Bath, which was studied in the scope of a restoration project, and to present the studies on the determination of structural problems, structural strengthening decisions and implementations. Strengthening implementations were carried out in the bathing spaces of the men’s section and felt workshop of the building depending on decisions of the restoration project. The original construction technique and materials of the walls, superstructure and architectural details of the building were consolidated by appropriate restoration decisions and implementation works.

Abstract: The report contains brief historic and technical information about the Tsar-Bell as well as the structure of its pedestal and gives a detailed description of the instrumental inspection performed to assess structural state of the monument which included examination of the pedestal broad stone/brick masonry and metal fixing elements, check drilling and probing. The inspection results set up the basis for the restoration works. The authors describe basic technical solutions for strengthening of the pedestal foundation and underlying soil providing structural stability and protection. Some of the solutions were tried out before to strengthen foundations of old historic buildings and cultural heritage monuments. Restoration procedure of the pedestal superstructure is explained in detail including refurbishment of its metal elements, internal and external lining, special drainage systems installed under the pedestal. It must be noted that the main idea of this interesting project was to choose appropriate technical solutions and materials which allowed not only to restore the monument but also to preserve its historic appearance.

Abstract: The report contains brief historical information as well as structural description of the building. Results of the detailed inspection and structural state assessment of external and internal walls, floors and roof frame are given. These results were assumed as the basis for rehabilitation works to secure further safe operation of the building. The authors give their technical solution for strengthening of external brick walls and attic space with the help of micro-cement and epoxy injections. A repair option is described to strengthen the brickwork near the roof tension bars with low-viscosity epoxy injections and subsequent application of cement-based repair mortar and gluing carbon-fiber sheets. They also introduce their design of roof and attic load-distribution system consisting of cross-beams and steel tension bars as well as propose their solutions for strengthening brick vaults and columns in the basement with CFRP materials.

Abstract: In Algeria, several old urban nuclei are decayed or severely damaged. Numerous are the factors related to these damages: the age of constructions (many centuries), the bad or absence of maintenance, the natural disaster (earthquake, landslide, and floods) and sometimes the abandonment. Since 2003, the law 98-03 related to the preservation of cultural heritage and its application decree was implemented. In fact the first safeguard sector plan in Algeria was applied to the Casbah of Algiers which is classified as a World Heritage. This old urban nucleus presents an important decay. The different problems related to its aspect are principally the age of constructions; some of them date from the 10th century and the majority of the 16th; the absence of maintenance and recently in 2003 the impact of the earthquake. The project is still under investigation and is established by the CNERU Group (National Center in Urban Research and Studies). Furthermore the work on these areas was done under constraints. The Casbah of Algiers is a World Cultural Heritage, what induced us the installation of emergency measures (propping up), then in parallel an in situ investigation in order to determine the vulnerability of constructions was done (minor and major inheritance, houses and buildings) in order to elaborate the manual of rehabilitation and the safeguard plan and its regulation. This paper presents the adopted methodologies in this area and the different actions as the emergency measures, the constructions propping up and the manual of rehabilitation.

Abstract: Currently Timber-Concrete Composite (TCC) Constructions are often applied for strengthening existing timber beam slabs. The load bearing capacity of the composite construction is primarily affected by the material properties of the timber beam and the concrete slab. But the type of bond between both parts is also of high importance. The concrete slab has to perform several tasks, not only in load carrying direction of the ceiling but also perpendicular to the direction of span or for stiffening the whole building. These tasks will be pointed out in this paper. Furthermore the working process (easy workable mixture and exchange of conventional reinforcement) and the dead load of the construction are of particular interest in the field of redevelopment. Several innovative concretes have been verified for the use in TCC constructions. Regarding their fresh and hardened concrete properties, they all can be described as High Performance Concretes (HPC). In this paper Self Compacting Concrete (SCC), Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC), Structural Lightweight Concrete (SLWC), High Strength Concrete (HSC) or combinations of them will be focused. Especially the advantages but also the disadvantages of innovative concretes for the use in TCC will be presented as well as the results of some experimental investigations.

Abstract: During Ming (1368-1644) and Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), many memorial archways were built in ancient Huizhou. They were regarded as culture symbols of Chinese ancient architectures. Owing to the natural and man-made disasters, many of them vanished with time. Today, in total 129 memorial archways scatter in the ancient Huizhou district. In this paper, the origin, development and culture connotation of Huizhou memorial archways are discussed with examples of existing ones. At last, several risks to these memorial archways are presented, which can be categorized as natural reasons, including weathering, flood and landslide etc., and man-made reasons such as demolition, influences of adjacent modern constructions. Several risks were illustrated with example of Tangyue Memorial Archway group, which indicates the urgency of conservation.

Abstract: During the electrochemical realkalisation treatment for carbonated concrete, the bond strength between rebar and concrete was changed duo to the physical and chemical action. The pull-out test was used to study the effect of current density on the bond strength between rebar and concrete. The realkalisated products of the concrete were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Test results show that after electrochemical realkalisation treatment (ERT), the bond strength of reinforced concrete increases; The current density has the significant effect on the bond strength; The amount of sodium silicate of the concrete is changed after ERT, Due to the increment of the sodium silicate that can increase the bond strength between the concrete and the rebar, it makes for the increase of the bond strength.

Abstract: 3D modelling is an important way in simulating of historical building. Modelling methods based on laser-scanned data and automated image-based techniques are commonly used recently. In this paper, modelling method based on parametric description is proposed. One prominent feature of traditional Chinese architecture is its modular system. By studying typical structures and components of Chinese traditional buildings, parameters of different structures are summarized and simplified to establish the reasonable model. Then, the process of programming a 3D modelling system using 3DSMax script language is discussed. Through this method, after choosing the type of traditional buildings and entering necessary parameters, 3D model with different type and size can be created automatically and efficiently. The research of this paper could provide a new way of establishing 3D model for building’s virtual reconstruction and walkthrough.

Abstract: The paper presents the experimental studies of reinforced concrete column (RC column) capacity affected by core drilling. By testing three groups (9 total) of full scale concrete short columns, the experiment demonstrates that the axial compression capacity of RC columns after core drilling is reduced from 5.63% to 22.14% while the ultimate displacement decreases from 1.88% to 26.14%. The behavior of columns is altered from the axial compression failure to a small-eccentricity compression failure. The paper summarizes experiment results, followed by an investigation of the dominant factors, such as column effective cross section, drilling location, drilled hole repairing and reinforcing steels discontinued by drilling, that have impact on RC column capacity. The rationale of capacity variations of RC columns due to core drilling is also investigated.

Abstract: This work is aimed at answering the question that whether the realkalisation as a rehabilitation method is effective on the corroded reinforced concrete structure or not. To this aim, the behaviour in a sodium carbonated solution whose concentration is 0.5 mol/L of reinforcing bars from an reinforced concrete structure that failed through carbonation after 70 years of service life is examined. The results show the electrochemical reaction on the rebar is closely related with the surface state of reinforcing bar electrode. During the electrochemical realkalisation treatment, the reduction of ferric oxide or ferrous oxide formed on the surface of reinforcing bar will occur in company with the producing of H2; The realkalisation treatment not only resumes the alkalescence of the carbonated concrete , but also rehabilitates the corroded reinforcing bar by reducing the rust to iron. The electrochemical realkalisation treatment is a rehabilitation method and has a repairing effect on some extent of corroded reinforcing bar.