Advanced Materials Research Vols. 306-307

Abstract: A novel filter media-grain slag as filter media for the removal of phosphorous studied in the paper. The characteristics of grain-slag and haydite such as total porosity, total surface area, pore size distribution, apparent and bulk density, crystal structures and chemical composition were evaluated for the two materials firstly. The data of pore characteristics and surface morphology of filter materials showed grain-slags were superior to haydites in many ways, including higher total porosity, larger total surface area and lower density. These characteristics were essential for filter materials. Subsequently, the pH of solution and contact time was evaluated in batch phosphate sorption experiments for the two materials. The results showed the phosphate removal rate of grain-slag was higher than haydite. The phosphate removal of the grain-slag tended to decrease with increasing initial pH above neutral. Therefore, grain-slag application, as a novel process of treating phosphorus with wastes, provided a promising way in grain slag utilization.

Abstract: An ionic liquid-type phosphomolybdic salt comprising 1-cetyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (CMImCl) and 1:12 phosphomolybdic acid (PMo₁₂) was prepared by solid state grinding. The new phosphomolybdic salt of CMIm-PMo₁₂ was immobilized on glassy carbon electrode by cast-coating. The cyclic voltammograms of the GC/CMIm-PMo₁₂ showed three well-defined pairs of redox peaks due to the PMo₁₂ system. The GC/CMIm-PMo₁₂ electrode showed great electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of iodate. The analytical feature of the electrode for amperometric determination of iodate was evaluated.

Abstract: In this paper, a novel inorganic polymer coagulant was prepared by fly ash extract. The technology of preparing the poly-silicic-ferric coagulant by using fly ash extract and potassium ferrate has been designed. The influences of alkali concentration, temperature and heating time on the amount of silicon dissolution from fly ash were investigated. When temperature is 60°C, concentration of NaOH is 1.8mol / L and heating time responses to 38 hours, the content of silicon in the fly ash extract is better than that of the others. The effects of pH and Si/FeO₄^2- mole ratio on morphology of the prepared coagulant were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that poly-silicic-ferric coagulant can be obtained when regulation of filtrate to pH about 1.4 with dilute sulfuric acid and Si/FeO₄^2- mole ratio is about 3.5. At the same time, through the flocculation experiments of using the poly-silicic-ferric synthesized disposing of the model bentonite suspension, turbidity removal has been up to 90% more in the condition of low dosage.

Abstract: The fired brick with grain slag-the yellow river sludge-coal gangue is a reasonable economic and practical brick with all wastes. This paper introduces the grain slag brick using grain slag, the yellow river sludge and coal gangue as the raw material, we use pressing and the traditional fired process. Finally we get the grain slag brick which can satisfy the demands of MU30 grade in the standard of GB5101- 2003.

Abstract: In order to decrease the cost of the material and energy during the forging process, multiple preform die shape optimization design was carried out in this paper. Based on the FEM, a sensitivity analysis method was used to perform the optimization procedure. The shape of the forging and deforming force of the final forging was used to express the cost of material and energy respectively. Using the weighted sum method, the total objective function was gotton. The coordinates of the control point of the B-spline used to represent the preform die shape was determined as the optimization design variable. The sensitivity equations of the total objective function with respect to the design variables was developed. The multiple objective perform design optimization software was developed by FORTRAN language. And then, the preform die shape of an H-shaped forging process is optimized. The total objective function, sub-objective function, the shape of the preform die and the final forging during the optimization were given. After the optimiztion, a near net shape forging was obtained. At the same time, the deforming force decreased. The optimization results are very satisfactory.

Abstract: Styrene/Sodium allyl sulfonate copolymer (St-c-SAS) were prepared using soap-free emulsion polymerization method and boiling at high-speed stirring, and it was acided to obtain an efficient, stable, reusable new solid acid catalyst styrene/acrylic acid copolymer (St-c-AS). Elemental analysis and acid–base titration techniques showed that St-c-AS have high concentration of sulfonic groups. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) results showed that the sulfonic of copolymer was hard to fall off at high temperature. Esterifications of acetic acid with ethanol showed that St-c-AS has high catalytic activity, and the catalyst can be reused without separation of 10 times, the esterification yields close to or exceed 100%. The superior performance of St-c-AS is attributed to their unique features including large surface area, high content of sulfonic groups as well as high temperature resistance.

Abstract: Zirconia fibers with different Y₂O₃ additions were prepared by sol-gel method. After the fiber was thermally treated at 1650°C for 6h, the microstructure and crystalline phase were investigated by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the fibers with 5mol% of Y₂O₃ seriously powdered due to volume expansion caused by the phase transformation form tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase. The powdering of zirconia fibers after high–temperature application could be depressed when the amount of Y₂O₃ was more than 10mol%.

Abstract: The pineapple leaf fiber is abundant in the tropics and subtropics regions in the world. The raw pineapple leaf fiber needs to be degummed before spinning. In this paper, the effect of alkali treatment on fiber property was studied. Compared to the fiber that not treated by alkali, fiber property improved by alkali treatment. At the same time, the influence of parameters of alkali treatment on fiber property was also discussed. With the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution increasing, the fineness, the tenacity, and the breaking elongation of pineapple fiber are all decreased. The effect of time on the fineness of degummed pineapple fiber is insignificant. With the increase of time, the tenacity of pineapple fiber is decreased slightly. However, the breaking elongation of pineapple fiber decreased at first, and then increased. As the temperature increase, the fineness of pineapple fiber increased then decreased. On the contrary, with the temperature increasing, the tenacity of pineapple fiber decreased firstly, and then increased. The breaking elongation of pineapple fiber decreased with the increase of temperature.

Abstract: A novel compound YBaCo₂Fe₂O₇ was synthesized successfully under low surrounding oxygen partial pressure by selecting raw materials Fe₂O₃ and Fe to fix the oxygen content to “O₇” in YBaCo₂Fe₂O₇. Its oxygen intake/release characteristics were investigated by the thermogravimetric (TG) analysis from room temperature to 1150°C. The YBaCo₂Fe₂O₇ sample exhibits a weak oxygen intake capability at lower temperature 360°C. On the other hand, the oxygen intake/release cycles of YBaCo₂Fe₂O₇ were investigated between 340°C and 410°C. The experimental results show that it has good and stable oxygen intake/release reproducibility, and that its mass change of oxygen reaches 0.6% of its original mass within 40 minutes. However, after partial substitution, the oxygen storage capability of YBaCo₂Fe₂O₇ is worse than YBaCo₄O₇. The previous results mean that YBaCo₂Fe₂O₇ is not enough as a novel candidate for oxygen storage or separation materials.

Abstract: The extraction behavior of scandium ion (Sc³⁺) was investigated using 1-butyl-3-methyl -imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF_6­) ionic liquid as extraction solvent and 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507, HA) as extractant. The extractablity of Sc3+ using [Bmim]PF_6­ was less than 5% without P507. When the initial P507 concentration in IL phase was 0.2 mol/L, percentage extraction of 5×10^-5 mol·L^-1 Sc³⁺ exceeded 99%. The results showed that the extracted species in the Sc³⁺_­-P507-[Bmim]PF₆ system was neutral ScA₃ and [Bmim]PF₆ solvent could be used repeatedly.