Advanced Materials Research Vols. 347-353

Abstract: An optical fiber remote multiplexed sensing system of methane is designed based on the methane absorption spectroscopy characteristic, by taking the triangular signal to modulate the wavelength of the tunable diode laser. The laser wavelength shift is carried out adaptive adjustment by the built-in gas calibration pond to realize the locking of a methane absorption line. The methane concentration monitoring is realized in the range of 0-100%. The application tests are found in a garbage power generation plant and several coal mine ventilation air methane power generation plants. The results indicate that the monitor has good performances in stability and sensitivity and a long-term precision of 10ppm is achieved. It is possessed of wide application in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects.

Abstract: Natural gas plays an important role in industry, transportation and electric power. The first of all problems to solve is to ensure energy security while meeting the demand for gas. Through analyzing the connotation and the frame of energy security, it clears about the significant of the security of energy and gas supply in China, and sets up the benefits and losses model of natural gas, analyzes the loss of economic cost and the obtained economic benefits based on the process of SNG to protect natural gas security. By analyzing the case, the results show that there exists a most advantage point between the loss of economic cost and the obtained economic benefits in the process of natural gas security, China could develop SNG scale of 50 billion cubic meters production by the end of 2030, at this time, it will get the maximum net income of nearly 5 billion RMB. In addition, the results show that the two most important parameters which influence the profits and losses are energy consumption GDP elasticity coefficient and the nature gas price in the process of SNG guaranteeing natural gas security.

Abstract: This paper analyzes and evaluates the oil price change on effects of China’s general price level and economic sectors’ price level by adopting the input-output price model and input-output of China in 2007. In the case of oil price rise 100%: Compare with the results over the years show that oil price impact on the whole society increased year by year, and the rate of increase present accelerated tendency; Compare with the other energy sector, the impact of oil prices level is generally lower than the price of electricity and heat levels.

Abstract: This paper highlights currently excellent metal oxides used for hot gas desulfurization (HGD). Due to the different desulfurization properties, iron oxide and calcium oxide based sorbents are normally used for primary desulfurization while zinc oxide, copper oxide and manganese oxide based sorbents are often devoted to fine desulfurization. However, pure sorbents inevitably have some limitations and so, mixed oxides combining the properties of various metals like zinc ferrite and zinc titanate which get extensive concern are also introduced in this paper.

Abstract: In Australia the future demand for energy is predicted to increase rapidly. Conventional energy resources soaring prices and environmental impact have increased the interest in renewable energy technology. As a result of that the Australian government is promoting renewable energy; such as wind, geothermal, solar and hydropower. These types of energy are believed to be cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Renewable energy availability is controlled by climatic conditions such as solar radiation, wind speed and temperature. This paper aims to assess the potential of renewable energy resources, in particular wind and solar energy in an Australian subtropical region (Central and North Queensland) namely, Gladstone, Emerald, Rockhampton, Yeppoon, Townsville, and Cairns. Analysis is done by using the latest statistical state of Queensland energy information, along with measured data history of wind speed, solar irradiations, air temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure for those sites. This study has also shown that national assessments of solar and wind energy potential can be improved by improving local climatic data assessments using spatial databases of Central and North Queensland areas.

Abstract: This study aims to explore the impacts of Land use/cover change (LUCC) on storm-runoff by simulating two typical flood events for five land cover scenarios in a mesoscale watershed in east China by distributed hydrologic modeling system HEC-HMS. It was concluded from the modeled hydrographs that built-up land will reduce the basin’s ability of smoothing flood wave by changing flood peak remarkably, while forestation will mitigate and postpone flood peak. The statistic analysis of the key flood parameters, runoff coefficient and peak discharge, produced by five different land covers exhibited highly quantitative relationships, from which we may estimate the runoff changes due to land use/cover changes under 5-year return period typhoon rain or Plum rain. The study provides some information on the influences of LUCC on storm-runoff by modeling approach and it will contribute to flood control and management in Tai Lake Basin in east China.

Abstract: This systematic study of the red mud dam and the formation of cracks in the mechanism, and summarize a variety of cracks in the dam prevention and treatment methods. According to the second red mud dam cracks In shandong aluminum company,the detailed analysis of its causes, and take the excavation backfilling, grouting and other measures to crack effect is obvious in time, eliminating the risks of dam, the dam will be more stable, have run more secure.

Abstract: This paper carries the study on the accessibility analysis method of loop-pipe-network with multi-gas-source. For the unreasonableness of conventional designing method of loop-pipe-network with multi-gas-source, the accessibility analysis mathematical model is established with relevant theory of graph theory, hydromechanics and linear algebra, and the solution method of the mathematical model of accessibility analysis is set. The accessibility analysis method could achieve the reliability and economy of network.

Abstract: In this paper, an efficient method for producing lactic acid from glucose with nickel as a catalyst under hydrothermal conditions has been developed. The addition of nickel can improve the lactic acid yield efficiently under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. The highest lactic acid yield of 35% was obtained under the optimum conditions, i.e., reaction temperature 300 °C, reaction time 60 s, 0.5 mmol nickel and 2.5 M NaOH.

Abstract: The focus of this paper is a review on the recent development of passive dynamic walking. Passive dynamic walkers are introduced, from the simple rimless wheel to the recently developed real two legged machines. Control strategies necessary to improve the stability and robustness of locomotion of passive dynamic walkers, such as the hybrid geometric approach and the virtual constraints, are discussed briefly. Finally, the unresolved problems in the field of passive dynamic walking are summarized and directions of further developments are discussed.