Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: This study utilized the car chasing method to chase 86 light-duty vehicles on seven major roads in the Shin-Chu area and establish the typical driving patterns for various roads. The 23 parameters that associated with the driving were considered to elucidate the features of driving patterns. This work examined two manners, corrected Euclidean distance and traditional Euclidean distance methods, to elucidate a representative driven cycle. In the screening procedure of the typical driven cycle, factor analysis was applied to correct Euclidean distance and examine the 23 variables of driving conditions. The results indicated that the first five of the 23 principal components explained at least 94% of the variance for seven roads. The physical interpretation based on factor analysis was better than the traditional Euclidean distance method, so the results of factor analysis were used to select the typical driven cycle. The average speeds were 34.1 kmh^-1 for the city road; 36.8, 26.1 and 30.4 kmh^-1 for county roads 118, 120 and 122; 38.7 and 36.5 kmh^-1/ for provincial roads 1 and 3; 85.9 kmh^-1 for freeway.

Abstract: Retracted article: By changing the surface flow(SF) and subsurface flow (SSF)constructed wetlands inflow water total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, with 6 plant species (purple leaf canna, water onion, water hyacinth, water celery, calamus, reed) in comparative experiments, comparative analysis of the 6 different SF and SSF constructed wetlands treatment rate with the variation of the concentration obtained in the 6 different plant SF and SSF constructed wetlands, the optimal concentration theory, theory of optimal removal rate, the actual optimal concentration, the actual optimal removal rate and TN maximum daily processing load. The results showed that: in the 6 different plant of SF and SSF constructed wetlands for TN removal efficiency decreased as the concentration increased, different plant, different levels of treatment rate reduction, and removal value of SSF was lower than SF. Purple leaf canna removal reduced the minimum, SF processing rate decreased 17.07%, SSF dropped 15.94%; Reed removal rate decreased obviously, the SF processing rate decreased 20.86%, SSF dropped 18.2%. Meanwhile, according to the result of the experiment, the maximum TN daily remove quantity in the six species of plants of SF constructed wetland was 547.20 g•m^-2•d^-1;in SSF constructed wetland was 577.60 g•m^-2•d^-1. Wetland as an efficient, low consumption of new sewage treatment technology has been widely accepted, especially in total nitrogen (TN) in the application phase for the people attention. Study found that of nitrogen removal efficiency of constructed wetlands and external factors, a wetland substrate, plant species, microbes, sewage load, residence time, nitrogen in sewage and water distribution methods[1]. For the wastewater load on the removal of wetlands, Zhou Yaohua so that low concentration of domestic sewage (20% water) on the ground flora as a whole more effective than a higher concentration of the decontamination wastewater (100% effluent) better overall removal [2]. Cui Fang water residence time in the study of the impact of decontamination capability of wetlands that the reed wetland water CODcr, TP, NH₃-N concentration had little effect on the removal, and TN concentrations had a significant effect on the removal, removal of only 27% [3], Yuan Donghai and others that wetlands on the initial concentration of pollutants in wastewater have certain requirements, low pollution case, the constructed wetland was better; higher concentration of pollutants cases, the purification efficiency dropped [4]. Effluent decontamination effect on the wetland will have some impact, at present, domestic and international research to a single species of plants, mainly a single type of wetland, considering the different plants, different types of comparative study of wetlands was less. By changing SF and SSF constructed wetlands, inflow water TN concentrations, with 6 plant speciesin comparative experiments, comparative analysis of the 6 different plants of SF and SSF constructed wetlands treatment rate with the variation of the concentration obtained in 6 different plant SF and SSF constructed wetlands, the optimal concentration theory, theory of optimal removal rate, the actual optimal concentration, optimal removal rate and the actual TN maximum daily processing load, optimizing the hydraulic conditions of wetlands. Research on the promotion of artificial wetland technology, further development of eco-environmental rehabilitation has a certain significance

Abstract: Along with the rapid development of electric power industry in China, the pollutant discharge limits are getting more strict, and WFGD (wet flue gas desulfurization) technology and its equipment have been greatly developed and extensively applied, in which the gas-gas heater (GGH) is adopted at lots of the power stations. The corrosion is a very important issue in GGH, and it is experimentally studied in this paper. Through experiment of polarization curves and the control variable method, a comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance between the commonly used materials of the GGH is made. The results have shown that the corrosion resistance with the heat transfer surface in GGH will decrease with the temperature increasing, but the enamel steel’s corrosion resistance and stability is strikingly better than that of others, and the increasing volume of corrosion resistance by plating enamel is remarkable.

Abstract: The numerical simulation method is used to analyze the process of gas purification with ceramic filters. The gas /solid two-phase flow field in the ceramic filter vessel was simulated using the Eulerian two-fluid model provided by FLUENT code. The variations of the pressure distribution in the filter cavity were analyzed. The distribution of the dust cake density along the under cleaning filter length was studied.

Abstract: The adsorption of phenol onto activated carbon fiber (ACF) from aqueous solutions were studied.The adsorption kinetics of phenol by ACF can be described by the Lagergren first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models, respectively.The Lagergren first-order was verified to be the best to describe the adsorption data. The intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate-controlling step .

Abstract: A series of non-precious metal oxides catalysts were prepared for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 in a fixed bed reactor. The catalytic performance was evaluated by the removal efficiency of NOx and N₂ selectivity which were respectively detected by flue gas analyzer and flue gas chromatograph. Furthermore, the components of gas products from the above experiments were analysed with 2010 GC-MS. The results illustrated that the MnO₂ exhibited the highest NOx conversion to 95.46% and the highest selectivity of N₂ to 100% at temperature of 393K, then followed ZrO₂, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃.

Abstract: Cr(III)-containing wastewater was treated by continuous foam separation process. The factors affecting the Cr(III) removal efficiency were researched. The optimal operating conditions determined by orthogonal experiments are as follows:wastewater pH 6.50,gas flow 400ml/min,cationic surfactant dosage 50mg/L.When the mass concentration of Cr(III) in the influent is 7.5mg/L,the effluent can meet the national discharge standard with 98% of Cr(III) removal rate for continuous running. The kinetic experimental results show that the foam separation of Cr(III) accords with the first order kinetic equation. The results of continuous experiments in a scale-up foam separation column indicate which reach the Second Wastewater Discharge Standard of Country.

Abstract: Treatment technology for ballast water is in need. High-voltage pulsed discharge has great potentiality to inactivating micro-algae living in ballast water. In this study, effects of discharge reactor parameters and ballast water parameters to discharge characteristics were studied, the efficiency of the micro-algae inactivation was confirmed preliminarily, and the principle of designing discharge reactor parameters was discussed. The main conclusions are: UP increased with the increasing of d, while decreased with the increasing of r; IP increased with the increasing of r, while decreased with the increasing of d; UP and IP both increased with the increasing of U. E decreased with the increasing of d; when d=2mm, the value of E was far larger than that of d≥6mm; when d was 2mm，larger r, larger E; when d was between 6-20mm, larger r, smaller E. The optimized structure of discharge reactor should be r=3mm and d=6mm. Up increased with the increasing of Q while decreased with the increasing of T. η increased with the increasing of U and d, decreased with the increasing of r.

Abstract: In order to find the factors and their effects for the Ca-based absorbent for CO₂-capture, the experimental method was used to research the limestone in the calcination/carbonation fixed bed process. Then measured the specific surface and specific pore volume respectively by the method of COULTER_SA_3100 nitrogen absorption specific surface and the method of BET and BJH through pore size analyzer. The result has showed that the microstructure of absorber and conversion ratio of carbonation X was affected by the operating parameters including calcination temperature (Tcal), CO₂ concentration in calcination atmosphere, variable cyclic number N and carbonation temperature (Tcar). In this experiment, X reached its maximum when Tcal was 850°C, with the calcination temperature continued to rise, X reduced gradually. The increase of the concentration of CO₂ will strengthen the role of sintering and reduce X in the calcination atmosphere. With the increase of the cyclic number N, sintering effect made the micro-structure of absorbent change, so that X decreased. Tcar close to the limit temperature was appropriate. In the limited temperature range, with the increase of N, conversion ratio of carbonation X declined slowly.

Abstract: Based on self-developed bentonite - fly ash - cement（BFC）slurry and flexible wall permeameter, infiltration test was conducted on slurry concretion samples of different height using heavy metal ions Solution and leachate from waste landfill site. Test proved that as a result of the infiltration deposition and adsorption residence performance, retardation by slurry concretion happened in about 30mm of initial infiltration to 95% of heavy metal ion pollutants(Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cd etc.) and 60% of waste leachate pollutants (NH₄-N, TN, TP, COD_Cr, BOD₅ etc.). Moreover, blocking rate for all pollutants presents an increasing trend along with the increase of the height of slurry concretion samples in a defined way.