Advanced Materials Research Vols. 433-440

Abstract: Most construction activities are carried out with heavy machinery. In the process of construction, energy is directly consumed by using construction machinery. Energy consumption of construction machinery can vary according to the scale, the deterioration of machinery, the difficulty of operating machinery, the ability of construction personnel to work, and the working condition. An approach for construction managers to assess the effect of these factors on the energy consumption is rarely deployed. Current methods depend mainly on the experience and subjective judgment of the project managers, who may be unfamiliar with the impact of these factors on energy consumption of construction machinery, and thus, often times produces inaccurate results. This paper presents a model that utilizes historical data and experts’ knowledge, and employs fuzzy set concept for assessing the factors having the impact on energy consumption of construction machinery. Based on the model, a fuzzy reasoning knowledge-based energy evaluating system is proposed. A case study involving highway construction projects implemented in two geographic areas with different working environments is presented to illustrate the salient features of the system that allows users to simulate experts’ judgment and to demonstrate the capability and effectiveness of the system that can assist contractors to better estimate energy consumption of construction machinery for highway construction projects.

Abstract: In this paper a hybrid optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network is proposed to support large number of subscribers. The system combines two different techniques, namely OCDMA and WDM for supporting many subscribers simultaneously. We used modified double weight (MDW) codes as a signature address in designing the system because this code can accommodate more number of simultaneous active users under considerable standard bit error rate (e.g. ≤ 10-9). The induced MDW code for hybrid system can eliminate multiuser interference fully and increase the bit-error-rate performance compared to other codes at the same time. We ascertained by simulation results that the proposed scheme provides very good performance and enhance the network capability. Therefore, this system can be considered as a promising solution for the next generation optical access network.

Abstract: Outages and planning primarily account for the removal and addition of new buses, generating power plants, transmission lines, loads, and control devices, respectively. They occur regularly in power systems operation and restoration, and hence a power system is constantly changing its topology. Therefore, there is a need for a software package to emulate these changes. Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) is designed and developed in Matlab environment to simulate contingencies and expansion of power systems. The IEEE 14-bus power system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed work.

Abstract: One of the most important problems in high-frequency transformers is leakage flux which is inevitable and can lead to increase the leakage inductance. The leakage inductance has different effects on pulse transformers `operation which among them the effect on rise time can be mentioned that can change the output waveform. Although inductance value can not be zero, it can be reduced to some extent. One of the ways is to choose the core type. According to core type, windings in transformer can be winded in a way that results in leakage inductance reduction. In this paper, two kinds of transformers with two different cores are modeled and simulated in ANSYS which are equal in transforming power and different in windings area. Also in this paper, the effect of core type on leakage inductance value is studied by using the obtained results.

Abstract: Traditional NM (Network Management) techniques can not be applied on WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) due to its features of low computing ability, tiny memory space, and limited energy. A new NMA (Network Management Architecture) for WSN is needed. In this paper, we design a loosely coupled NMA of WSN based on SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), and have well defined NM interfaces. Finally, we develop a SOA platform for WSN operations according to the NMA. Based on SOA platform, users can compose and use various NM Web Services by internet depending on their requirements. Heavy tasks which need a great deal of computing resources and storage are executed on the SOA platform. Thus, energy consumption and node computation can be decreased. Moreover, external applications use Web Services to integrate SOA platform for WSN. It lowers the difficulty in integrating different sensor platforms and heterogeneous devices.

Abstract: Sorting appears the most attention among all computational tasks over the past years because sorted data is at the heart of many computations. Sorting is of additional importance to parallel computing because of its close relation to the task of routing data among processes, which is an essential part of many parallel algorithms. Many parallel sorting algorithms have been investigated for a variety of parallel computer architectures. In this paper, three parallel sorting algorithms have been implemented and compared in terms of their overall execution time. The algorithms implemented are the odd-even transposition sort, parallel merge sort and parallel shell sort. Cluster of Workstations or Windows Compute Cluster has been used to compare the algorithms implemented. The C# programming language is used to develop the sorting algorithms. The MPI library has been selected to establish the communication and synchronization between processors. The time complexity for each parallel sorting algorithm will also be mentioned and analyzed.

Abstract: In this work, we study the problem of efficient traffic grooming using light-trail. In case of lightpath a complete wavelength is dedicated between source and destination node. Once a lightpath is set up, the entire wavelength is used exclusively by the source-destination node pair. Data cannot be transmitted or received by nodes along the lightpath except the starting and ending node. However, it is often observed that the bandwidth requirement in today’s network is often varying and does not justify the need for allocating an entire wavelength for a single data transmission. Therefore, the wavelength capacity may be underutilized. Then the term light-trail came into existence, it was proposed to avoid the inability of intermediate nodes to use a connection wavelength. In this work, we have proposed a traffic grooming algorithm to maximize the network throughput for wavelength-routed mesh networks using static light-trail. The efficiency of our approach has been established through extensive simulation on different sets of traffic demands with different bandwidth granularities for different network topologies and compared the approach with existing algorithm.

Abstract: In this paper bivariate modelling methodology, solely applied to the spot price of electricity or demand for electricity in earlier studies, is extended to a bivariate process of spot price of electricity and demand for electricity. The suggested model accommodates common idiosyncrasies observed in deregulated electricity markets such as cyclical trends in price and demand for electricity, occurrence of extreme spikes in prices, and mean-reversion effect seen in settling of prices from extreme values to the mean level over a short period of time. The paper presents detailed statistical analysis of historical data of daily averages of electricity spot prices and corresponding demand for electricity. The data is obtained from the NSW section of Australian Energy Markets.

Abstract: The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) technique has been proposed for detecting and localizing transient disturbance in the power systems. The disturbance is detected by comparing the transformed signal with an empirically-given threshold. However, as the signal under analysis contains noises, especially the white noise with flat spectrum, the threshold is difficult to give. Due to the nature of flat spectrum, a filter cannot just get rid of the noise without removing the significant disturbance signals together. To enhance the WT technique in processing the noise-riding signals, this paper proposes a noise-suppression algorithm. The abilities of the WT in detecting and localizing the disturbances can hence be restored. Finally, this paper employed the actual data obtained from the practical power systems of Taiwan Power Company (TPC) to validate by digital implementation on an FPGA-based digital device for real-time de-noising function of the monitored PQ DWT data.

Abstract: Adaptive control is a novel methodology introducing for dynamic identification and control of nonlinear system in case of unknown parameters and absence of precise mathematical model. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) suggest the parallel algorithm in resolving paradigms and result on a robust control fashion in which learning algorithm resembling to the biological brain. Back propagation algorithm is proposed for updating the ANN weighting factors through the on line learning procedure. This research is carry out to investigate the ANN trained algorithm to elaborate the switching angle signals for controlling the Intelligent Universal transformer (IUT) in input and output stages. IUT motive the Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) with the new invention in automation, management and control. ANN online adaptive scheme is developed for controlling the input current and output voltages of IUT with the major benefits and service option advantages, comprising from a voltage regulation in real time operation, capability on providing three phase power outputs in case of one phase input, energy storage capability,48V DC output option, harmonic Filtering, reliable divers power 240V AC 400HZ for communication usage together with two 240 V AC 60 HZ outputs, automatic sag correction, dynamic system monitoring and system robustness in term of input and load disturbances.