Advanced Materials Research Vols. 55-57

Abstract: As available energy sources have grown increasingly scarce, people have started paying attention to their energy consumption. Although many methods for power generation are being actively investigated, efficient methods for solving energy problems must be based on reducing energy consumption. Thermal insulation can decrease heat energy loss and conserve energy waste, especially in the construction, transportation and industrial fields. In this study, polyester (PET) hollow fibers were blended with various ratios of low-melting-point PET fibers (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). The fibers were blended using opening, carding, laying and needle punching (150 needles/cm2, 225 needles/cm2 and 300 needles/cm2) to prepare PET nonwoven fabrics. The PET nonwoven fabrics were thermally plate pressed (TPP) and air-through bonding (ATB). Thermal conductivity, physical properties and air permeability were investigated to identify the influence of manufacturing parameters on the PET nonwoven fabrics. The experimental results show that needle punching density, TPP and ATB would influence the thermal conductivity of PET nonwoven fabric, because the structure of PET nonwoven fabric was changed. The optimal parameters of PET nonwoven fabric clipped with an aluminum foil was used to evaluate the influence of aluminum foil on thermal conductivity. The PET nonwoven composite in this study can be used in industrial thermal insulation applications.

Abstract: In this study, the PLA plied yarn was fabricated by twisting four of PLA yarns together, then PLA plied yarn was used a 16-spindle braid machine to produce the PLA braids. PLA braids were immersed in the suspension of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and heat treatment to improve the adhesion of β-TCP particles. PLA/β-TCP composite braids were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) to promote bonelike apatite production. The morphology of PLA braids were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results shown that when twist coefficient was 3 of PLA plied yarn, the concentration of β-TCP suspension was 0.15 wt % and heat treatment at 175 °C for 9 min, we can obtain the optimal conditions of β-TCP particles adhesion.

Abstract: Recently, development of technology increases human life quality and gradually raises the value of health protection in human’s concept. Bamboo has multi-functional including far infrared radiation, deodorization and anion generation. Therefore, bamboo charcoal has been widely used in textile industry. Moreover, development of technology also increased the electromagnetic hazard in human’s daily life. This study aims to develop a manufacturing process of functional composite yarn-dyed woven fabrics. In the manufacturing process, the materials included pure cotton yarn, stainless steel fiber(called metallic yarn) and viscose rayon yarn containing bamboo charcoal (called bamboo charcoal yarn) were used for making the bamboo charcoal/stainless steel composite woven fabric. The composite woven fabrics were woven by using same warp yarn and two kinds of weft yarn that contained bamboo charcoal and stainless steel. The composite fabrics had two different structures. Those fabrics were changed the order of bamboo charcoal yarn and metallic yarn. The ratios of weft yarn were 1 end of bamboo charcoal yarn to 1 end of metallic yarn and 3 ends of bamboo charcoal yarn to 1 end of metallic yarn. Furthermore, the fabrication of composite fabrics that included plain, 2/2 twill and dobby were changed. The composite woven fabrics were finished and laminated by TPU film to enhance the waterproof and vapor permeable functions. The laminated composite fabrics were evaluated by far-infrared coefficient, anion generation rate, water vapor permeability, water resistance, surface electric resistance and electromagnetic shelter property to obtained optimal manufacturing process.

Abstract: Nowadays, the development of science and technology are rapidly, relatively, wastes brought more and more problems. Because the waste produced by the textile production accounts for 5% of total rubbish quantity, so how to reduce the pollution of the selvage wastes and how to effective treatment waste is the present primary task in the course of developing. This research is mainly to use two layers of the 7.0d polyester (PET) nonwoven as the base cloth of the upper strata and lower strata, and the selvage wastes of the PP are layered between them. The polyester nonwoven and selvage wastes combine by needle punching and thermal bonding than the nonwoven/ selvage wastes compound fabrics are formed. By this production, we can reduce waste quantity of selvage to achieve the environmental protection purpose, and increase the strength of the compound fabric. The results show when the weight of base cloth is 150 g/m2, the content of selvage waste in the compound fabric is 10%, temperature of thermal bonding is 220 °C, the liner velocity of the thermal compress roll is 0.5 m/min and the density of needle punching is 400 needles/cm2, the compound fabric has best mechanical properties. The stab resistance and the application of the compound fabric in geotextile are evaluated by test according to ASTM D4632 and ASTM D4533 standard.

Abstract: In the recycle trend, this study used the low-melt polyethylene terephthalate fiber and the recycle wasted materials in producing nonwoven products. These two materials were combined together to form nonwoven products, which have good drain ability and high stress. Then, the high frequency plastic welding machine was used to manufacture the geocell of three dimension nonwoven cubic structure. This study discussed the bonding strength with different bonding length and width. The results show that the uniform of the bonding area resulted from the high frequency plastic welding machine affects the bonding strength. In low-power (tuner point to 2) bonding strength increases while the bonding time increases.

Abstract: Bamboo charcoal shows many advantages such as: moisture-proof foul smells reduction, the release of negative ion and far infrared ray, keep warm etc. For the purpose of increasing disersification, comfortable and beautiful feeling of the fiber efficiency, it already popularly applied to textile industry. This study used the elastic fibers as core yarn that was covered with polyester textured yarn contained bamboo charcoal to produce covered yarn. Elastic yarn was draw for suitable ratio and then covered with polyester yarn to form covered yarn, different draw ratio worked by changing roller speed, adjust twist number by controlling take up roller speed and twister speed of covering machine to get ideal stretch power were studied. Experiment results indicated that maximum break strength (4.52gw/denier) that when the speed of the rotor is 6000rpm while drawing ratio at 350%, twist number 2turns/cm. Maximum breaking elongation (24.57%) could get at speed of the rotor is 4000rpm when drawing at 350%, twist number 4.5turns/cm.

Abstract: d more to their own safety, lead all kinds of personal protection apparatus to rapidly develop. This study designed and manufactured the stabbing resistant fabrics to prevent the pricking damage of human body. In this study, woven Kevlar fabric is laid between two layers of polyamide 6 fibrous webs that contain low-melt polyester fibers. The fibrous webs and woven fabric are bonded via needle punching and thermal bonding to generate a nonwoven/woven composite fabric that can be used as a substrate for artificial leather. The polyamide 6 staple fiber is the primary component of the nonwoven structure. The low-melt polyester fiber was added via thermal bonding to reinforce the composite fabric structure. The stab resistance of the composite fabric was reinforced by the woven Kevlar fabric. Because the bonding process alters the mechanical properties of the composite fabric, effects of bonding process conditions, such as needle punching density and thermal bonding temperature, on the mechanical properties and stab resistance of the composite fabric were investigated. The stab resistance of the composite fabric was assessed by stab resistance tests using the ASTM F1432 standard. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimal parameters obtained from sample which needle punching density is 200 needles/cm2

Abstract: Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene/bamboo charcoal (PET/PP/BC) thermoplastic composites were prepared by melt compounding and then injection molding. The functionalities of the composites, such as electrical resistivity, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE), far-infrared ray radiativity (FIRR) and negative ion concentration, were evaluated in the study. The surface resistivity and volume resistivity of the functional composites were 2.47 - 9.12×1011 Ω/sq and 5.8 - 7.01×1010 Ωcm, respectively, while composites containing 6 wt% BC or above. The EMSE of the composites were below 10 dB at frequency ranged from 300 kHz to3 GHz. The average FIRR of the composites was 0.85 at BC concentration of 8 wt%. Incorporation of BC into the composites increased the negative ion concentration of about 30 pcs/cc compared to those without BC. However, it is lower than the positive ion concentration in the air.

Abstract: In this research, it is interesting to fabricate glass ceramics containing lead free ferroelectric crystals. The new lead free ferroelectric phase of interest is orthorhombic Bi2GeO5 which are precipitated in the BiO1.5-GeO2-BO1.5 system and studied in the region of 60 mol% BiO1.5:20 mol% GeO2: 20 mol% BO1.5. The glasses were prepared by conventional melt-quenching method. The glasses were melted separately in Pt and Al2O3 crucible in an air atmosphere. It is found that the as-received glasses were easily obtained from Al2O3 crucible while that from Pt crucible devitrification of Bi2GeO5 crystals were observed in some glasses, giving rise to an instability and difficulty in obtaining good based glasses by using this Pt crucible. The glass ceramics prepared from Pt crucible crystallized into two phases of the expected Bi2GeO5 and second phase Bi4Ge3O12 while Bi2GeO5 phase only observed in the glass ceramics prepared from Al2O3 crucible. Crystallinity and phases of the glass ceramics have a significant effect on their dielectric properties.

Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films, 80-170 nm thick were deposited on unheated silicon wafers (100) and glass slides with controlled operating pressure in UHV dc sputtering system with a pressure control gate valve. The dependence of hydrophilic property of the films on the total sputtering pressure of mixed Ar and O2 gases (1-10 mTorr) was investigated. We found that hydrophilic activity as well as the structural and optical properties of the films were strongly related to the pressure maintained during the deposition. The TiO2 film structure and surface morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The optical constants of the TiO2 films was determined by SE. XRD showed that the films deposited between 1 – 5 mTorr had both anatase and rutile phase, but the rutile component reduced as the pressure increased. Only anatase peaks were obtained for the films deposited at pressure >5 mTorr. The AFM surface roughness decreased from 4.0 to 1.8 nm as the pressure increased from 1 – 10 mTorr. The contact angle measurement was used to determine the hydrophilicity of the films after exposed to UV light. I