Advanced Materials Research Vols. 550-553

Abstract: Ultra-high pressure extraction technique was used to extract polysaccharides from Dendrobium candidum. Extraction pressure, pressure holding time and liquid-solid ratio were found to have a significant influence on the polysaccharides extraction and were optimized by the response surface method (RSM). The obtained optimum conditions were: extraction pressure 445.28MPa, pressure holding time 6.7 minutes and liquid-solid ratio 237.91ml/g. The maximum polysaccharide yield could reach 596.75mg/g under these conditions. The ultra-high pressure extraction process was a suitable method for its higher yield and shorter extraction time compared to the water-heating extraction.

Abstract: The extraction of pectin from seed watermelon peel could reduce environmental problem and offer a way to upgrade byproducts. In this study, variables of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional heating extraction (CHE) were tested in order to recovery pectin from seed watermelon peel. After the test of single factor experiments, orthogonal experiments were employed to obtain optimum conditions for pectin extraction from seed watermelon peel. The satisfactory conditions for MAE were as follows: power of 500W, pH of 1.5, time of 7min and SLR of 1:20, and the optimum CHE conditions were temperature of 90°C, pH of 1.0, time of 150min and SLR of 1:20. Proof tests were replicated three times and the products were characterized of their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The yield of 17.4-17.6%, ash content of 1.6-1.9%, GalA content of 78.3-82.8%, DE of 38.2-41.2% and molecular weight of 110600-128000 of pectin extracted by CHE were obtained. The pectin extracted by MAE achieved a higher yield (19.1-19.6%), and has a higher content of DE (44.3-48.7%), higher molecular weight (143400-154300), lower content of GalA (74.6-76.1%), and almost equal ash content ( average value of 1.7% and 1.6%, respectively).

Abstract: The optimal process of extracting the natural dyestuff from Lawsonia inermis were studied. Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction solvent is 60% ethanol, the ratio between material and solvent is 1:20 (W/V), extraction temperature is 75°Cand extraction time is 120min.

Abstract: Using process of Solid Oxygen-ion conducting Membrane (SOM), to produce Ti and Ti alloy directly from Titaniferous residue in molten CaCl2 were proposed by constant voltage (3.0～3.5V) for electrolysis 2~6h at 1100°C. The residues were ball-milled and pressed into pellets as the cathode, and the liquid copper was saturated with graphite powder and encased in YSZ tube as the anode. The results show that the content of Ti increase with electrolytic time, the characteristic morphology present as granule. Ti-Fe alloy is obtained from Ti-Fe residue during electrolysis 6h. For Ti -rich residue, when the forming pressure of pellets from 6MPa decrease to 3MPa, only electrolysis for 4h can completely remove the oxygen, and pure Ti is obtained for electrolysis 6h, this is an unprecedented finding.

Abstract: Determination of quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by microwave-assisted extraction and absorption spectroscopy was reported. The effects of solvent concentration, microwave time, ratio of solution to solid and microwave-assisted extraction pressure were evaluated by single factor experiments. The extraction conditions of quercetin from Linifolius Conyza by microwave -assisted method were optimized: ethanol concentration is 70 %( V/ V); microwave time is 5 minutes ; ratio of solution to solid is 45:1 and microwave-assisted extraction pressure is 500kPa . microwave - assisted extraction and absorption spectroscopy was simple and accurate with good reproducibility.

Abstract: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method was applied for polysaccharides from blackcurrant and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effects of processing parameters on polysaccharides yields. Three major independent variables such as ultrasonic power (W), extraction time (min), liquid to solid ratio (mL/g) were studied. The optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharides were determined as follows: ultrasonic power 402.2 W, extraction time 25.5 min, liquid to solid ratio 20.3:1 mL/g. Under a modified conditions (ultrasonic power 400W, extraction time 25 min, liquid to solid ratio 20:1 mL/g, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was 11.19%, which was agreed closely with the predicted value (11.24%).

Abstract: Enzyme assisted extraction of flavonoids from seabuckthorn fruit peel marc was studied by response surface methodology(RSM), using a Box-Behnken experimental design. A mathematical polynomial model was proposed with regard to investigate the effect of cellulase dosage (x1), enzymolysis temperature (x2), and pH value (x3)to the flavonoids yields. These factors were further optimized using RSM. The optimal conditions were: cellulase enzyme dosage was at 73.3IU/g, temperatur was at 53.7°C and the pH was at 4.14. Under the optimum conditions, gave rise to the highest flavonoids yields, approaching 8.02 mg/g of flavonoids yields.

Abstract: The fermentation medium of Tricholoma Mongolicum Imai for producing intracellular polysaccharide and extracellular polysaccharide was optimized by response surface methodology. The effects of carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral salt on polysaccharide production were examined by single factor experiments, glucose and yeast was found to be the best carbon source and nitrogen source. Based on this, the optimization of the Box-Benhnken design combined with response surface analysis showed that the optimal medium contained 40g/L glucose; 20g/L yeast extract; 0.40% KH₂PO₄; 0.40% MgSO₄.The intracellular polysaccharide production and extracellular polysaccharide in medium reached 2.0512g/L and 2.394 g/L , respectively.

Abstract: In this paper we first report the chemical composition of the volatile oils of the new hybrid (Spring No.1) obtained by cross-breeding of Amomum villosum Lour. The essential oil was laboratory-extracted from the seeds of the new hybrid by hydrodistillation. The average composition as single components for all the oils analyzed is reported. Moreover, the data obtained were statistically analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The amount of the major compounds of the new hybrid (Spring No.1) were bornyl acetate (30.54 %), camphor (22.3 %), limonene (8.28 %), camphene (6.71 %), β-Caryophyllene (5.14 %), β-myrcene (4.74 %), borneol (3.1 %), etc. It can be concluded that the major chemical constituents of essential oil in the new hybrid (Spring No.1) are terpenes. The volatile oils of the new hybrid analyzed have potential commercial value because they could be an acceptable alternative to the valuable volatile oils of Amomum villosum Lour.

Abstract: An Ultrahigh pressure extraction technique (UPET) is presented for the extraction of protein components from sika deer pilose antler. Various experimental conditions of the UPET process, such as extraction pressure (50-300 MPa), extraction time (0-10 min) and liquid/solid ratio (2-10 mL•g−1), were investigated to optimize the extraction process. The content of protein components in pilose antler extract by UPET for 4 min was higher than those using ultrasonic extraction (UE) for 30 min, heat reflux extraction (RE) for 12 h and soaking extraction (SE) at room temperature for 24 h respectively. From the viewpoints of extraction time, the proteins content in pilose antler extract and energy consumption in the extraction process, UPET was more effective than the conventional extraction methods studied.