Advanced Materials Research Vols. 550-553

Abstract: An aqueous two-phase system of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/(NH4)2SO4 with the behavior of forming aqueous two-phase and the distribution rules of potassium glycyrrhizinate in the aqueous two-phase system were studied. Effects of the molecular weight of PEG, the mass fraction of PEG and (NH4)2SO4, and pH value were investigated. The result show that when the mass fraction of PEG1000 was 50%, the mass fraction of (NH4)2SO4 was 5.7%, and pH value was 6.5, the highest extraction recovery of potassium glycyrrhizinate could reach 99.7%. This aqueous two-phase extraction may provide a new technique for separation of potassium glycyrrhizinate.

Abstract: Levulinic acid (LA) is a new versatile platform chemical derived from renewable non-food biomass. A major challenge in the purification of LA from biomass hydrolysate is the separation of LA and formic acid. A novel granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and separation of LA and formic acid were investigated in this work. Adsorption equilibria elucidated that LA preferentially adsorbed onto GAC than formic acid. Mixed solution of LA and formic acid was fed into the GAC packed-bed at 30°C, then formic acid was washed out from the column in a pure form with 60°C water and finally LA was effectively eluted with 95% (v/v) ethanol at 60°C. LA can be completely separated from formic acid by this simple GAC adsorption process with good yield and high purity.

Abstract: The main material is watkins jujube, and the best conditions of the extract of polysaccharide is considered. The polysaccharide can be obtained from jujube juice by decolourizating, concentrating，alcohol- precipitating and drying. The best conditions of decolourizating are as follows: activity carbon content is 1.0%, temperature is 90°C, the decoloration of two times is 1.5 hours. The best conditions of alcohol-precipitating are using 95% ethanol whose volume fraction is 60%, precipitating by 1 hour, and being dried by freeze drying. The extraction yielding of polysaccharide is 1.2%.

Abstract: Seal oil fatty acids are the important natural source of some functional fatty acids, for example, DPA, EPA and DHA. The three kinds of effective components (DPA, EPA and DHA) in the rough finished product of seal oil account for about 20% of the total content. However, the healthcare applications using seal oil fatty acids require products with higher purity. To meet this requirement, it is necessary to selectively enrich the content of the effective components in the crude product. A pilot plant VTA wiped film molecular distillation unit is used to give a product (residue). The seal oil fatty acids in residue have a higher content of the effective components (about 26%) than the undistilled material with a content of about 20%. Feed flow rates and evaporator temperatures are varied to observe the resultant of the purity and yield of DPA, EPA and DHA in the residue and the residue to distillate split mass ratio. The maximum values of the purity in the residue fraction are 0.269 (301 °C), 0.263 (310 °C), and 0.266 (317 °C), and the maximum values of the split ratios and yields occur at 294 °C (1.392, 0.694), 299 °C (1.588, 0.727), and 309 °C (1.380, 0.685). Therefore, there is a trade-off between the yield and purity of DPA, EPA and DHA in the residue. The higher the temperature is, the higher the purity but the lower yield. In conclusion, seal oil fatty acids can be successfully purified for healthcare applications using a pilot plant wiped film molecular distillation unit and high vacuum.

Abstract: The optimum extracting condition of dihydromyricetin from ampelopsis was studied. The MAE conditions, such as the extraction solvent volume, extraction temperature, and the period of extraction, were all studied in the orthogonal test. The most suitable conditions for the extractions were showed as follows: the extracting temperature was 95°C,the extracting time was 15min,and the solid-liquid leaching ration was 1:20.

Abstract: Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization with ginsenoside Rg1 as the template molecule. The morphology of MIPs was characterized by scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) and its static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation. Scatchard analysis revealed that the homogeneous binding sites were formed in the polymers. The application of MIPs with high affinity toward the template molecule might offer a novel method for the enrichment and determination of active compounds in the traditional herbal medicine.

Abstract: A polysaccharide, coded as LBP5a, was extracted from the Lycium barbarum L. with distilled water. LBP5a was precipitated repeated by ethanol and purified by DEAE-52, Sephadex G-75. The structure of LBP5a was detected by FT-IR spectrometer, Ultraviolet spectrophotometer, experiments of periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. The results show that LBP5a is testified to be homogeneous polysaccharide, and does not contain nucleic acid or protein. Pyranose with 1→3, 1→4 glycosyl linkages mainly exist in LBP5a.

Abstract: A claim of a camellia oil healthcare benefits as a result of the high amount of ‘tea polyphenol’ arises a widely discussion in China currently. A laboratory solvent extracted crude oil (SECO) and a commercial cold pressed oil (CPO) were used for evaluation of oil attributes, particularly, total phenol content (TP). Effects of different solvents on phenol extraction for phenol profile were also investigated. According to GB 11765 (a Chinese standard for camellia oil quality), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), sensory attributes, i.e. transparency, odour and flavour of CPO met the requirements, while SECO showed turbid. TP in SECO had no significant difference compared with that in CPO, thus, the phenol profile of SECO seemed to be more complicated in comparison with that of CPO. Different solvents showed different effects on phenol profiles: low molecular alcohol aqueous solution could extract more phenolic compounds, while gallic acid as a solely compound was extracted by acetone. These factors indicate that SECO should be refined and solvent effect on phenolic compound extraction would be helpful on further research for the interested phenol fraction in camellia oil.

Abstract: In this paper, 3-D scaffolds were prepared using native protein solution extracted from middle silk gland of B.mori silkworm (SS). The distribution of pore in 3-D scaffold was homogeneous, and the pore size decreased with increase in the concentration of SS. By changing the concentration from 1.7%, 3.5% to 7%, the porosity rate of scaffolds was 95%, 94% and 91%, respectively. The water absorbency apparently decreases and the water retention rate increases with increase in the concentration of SS. The scaffolds prepared from SS with concentration of 3.5% and 7% have higher strength, on the contrary, the scaffolds prepared from SS with low concentration 1.7% shows higher elasticity. FTIR spectra indicated that SS mainly adopted β-sheet conformation. This paper proposed one green way to extract silk protein from the silk gland of B.mori silkworm and prepare its corresponding scaffolds. It seems meaning to provide implication to develop silk-based biomaterials.

Abstract: In this work, four oil displacement surfactants (EL110, SG20, Span60 and Tween80) were used to study the extraction of bitumen from oil sands. The effect of concentration of surfactant, extraction temperature, extraction time, the addition of NaOH and extraction solvents was investigated. The results showed that the best concentration of EL110、SG20 and Tween80 were 3%（wt）, 0.1% and 10%，respectively, corresponding to the yield of bitumen were 26.4%，33.4% and 30.7%. The addition of NaOH to EL110 and SG20 solution improved the yield of bitumen, which were 45.9% and 48.0%. With the temperature increasing, the yield of bitumen increased speedily. The extraction time is 2 hours. For Tween80, at 60°C, using ethanol as solvent gave a higher yield of bitumen than that of using water. At 70°C, using pure ethanol as extraction solvent gave the yield of bitumen 93.3%. At 60°C the yield of bitumen using pure ethanol was 68.9%, addition of 0.5% Span60 improved the yield to 96.9%, but the addition of Tween80 had no effect on the yield.