Advanced Materials Research Vol. 664

Abstract: Intensity of building development increases by growing population and their requirements on living. Buildings belong to the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gases emitters. Current energy strategy of European Union is focused especially on reduction of operational energy of buildings. Although operational energy participates the highest proportion in total energy consumption over whole life cycle of building, it is important to take into account embodied energy. Values of embodied energy and associated emissions grow by improving energy quality of building envelope by using extra components and insulation materials. This paper demonstrates significance of correct selection of materials in order to environmental and energy optimalization of building structures. The designed material compositions of external wall alternatives are evaluated by methodology LCA and also in the view of impact on future energy consumption though thermal-physical parameters. Results of assessments are compared by multi-criteria decision analysis. The optimized alternative achieves very low embodied energy (218 MJ/m²) and high reduction of embodied CO₂ (-114 kg CO₂eq/m²).

Abstract: The bridge plug as a downhole plugging tool, bridge plug is mainly used in oil recovery position, fracturing , water plugging, testing, temporarily seal technology measures ect, have simple construction and high pressure difference, long seal time and accurate position etc., become an effective technology in reservoir reconstruction, which has been widely used in underground work process. After decades research and application, foreign bridge plug in the high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, multi-purpose, new materials, recycling and reliability etc have made considerable progress. In recent years, domestic also initially formed series bridge plugging technology, and in constant development and improvement, but the present commonly used metal bridge plug mill deblocking exist great difficulties, especially in large slope, horizontal milling deblocking more difficulty and complex than vertical well , in order to solve this problem, develop nonmetallic material bridge plug.

Abstract: As the induction heating is very fast, it is reasonable to assume that the material properties are different from those measured under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. For this reason, this study attempts to measure the effect of material properties variations on the surface temperature using the 2D axisymmetric model. The results show that the relative magnetic permeability is the property that most significantly influences surface temperatures and the hardness profile. The effects of specific heat and electrical conductivity are rather low, while the thermal conductivity has a negligible effect on the model developed. Moreover, the variation ofaustenitizingtemperature of margins has limited effects on the developed model. Therefore, the use of material properties at thermodynamic equilibrium was sufficient to establish models able to predict trends.

Abstract: In this paper, the soil simulation pot experiment was carried out to study the impacts of trace elements iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The self-made Cd and Pb compound contaminated soil was taken as the test soil, and wheat was taken as the test plant. The results show that with the increase in Fe dosage, overground dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight of wheat gradually increase; the application of Zn reduces overground dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight of wheat. Meanwhile, wheat biomass under Cd and Pb combined pollution is smaller than that under single Cd pollution or single Pb pollution. The application of Fe fertilizer increases Cd absorption of various parts of wheat. In the single Cd pollution treatment, with the increase in Fe dosage, Cd concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will first be increased, then decreased; in Cd and Pb combined pollution treatment, with the increase in Fe, Cd concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will also be increased. The application of Fe promotes the Pb absorption of wheat. With the increase in Fe dosage, Pb concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will first be increased, then decreased slightly. Compared with Zn0, Cd concentrations of different parts of wheat after Zn1 and Zn2 treatment increase significantly. In addition, with the increase in Zn dosage, Cd concentrations of different parts of wheat will first increase, then decrease. Regardless of single Pb pollution treatment or Cd and Pb combined pollution treatment, Pb concentrations of different parts of wheat decrease as Zn dosage increases. Under different Fe and Zn levels, and when Cd and Pb coexist, Pb can promote Cd absorption of plant, but Cd inhibits Pb absorption of plant.

Abstract: In this study, the composite of carbon black with platinum nanoparticles (CB/Pt) have been synthesized and formed colloidal solution for coating onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glasses by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The effects of applied voltage (5V, 10V, 15V) and different time were investigated. The CB/Pt coated on FTO glasses hold promise in applications such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The result coating were characterized in term of chemical composition (XRD) and microstructure and phase distribution (SEM) combine with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and TEM analyses.

Abstract: The NiO-ZnO binary materials had been prepared by co-precipitation method. The weight percent of nickel of NiO-ZnO materials were 5, 10 and 20; they were pretreated under air at temperature of 300, 500 and 700°C, respectively. The characterization of NiO-ZnO materials were the thermal gravity analysis(TGA), X-ray diffraction(XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption at 77K, scaning electron microscope(SEM) and temperature-programmed reduction(TPR). The results revealed that surface areas of NiO-ZnO materials order from large to small were 20NiZn(OH)_x(66 m²·g^-1) > 10NiZn(OH)_x(34 m²·g^-1) > 5NiZn(OH)_x(9 m²·g^-1) after being calcined at the temperature of 500°C. Further, NiO-ZnO materials had two main reductive peaks at 390-415°C and 560-657°C, respectively. In all NiO-ZnO materials, 20NiZn(OH)_x-C500 material had the highest surface area and the best interaction between NiO and ZnO.

Abstract: The Rotating Extrusion Alloying (REA) is a process which combined friction stir welding process and extrusion technology. In the REA process, dissimilar metals are mixed, cracked, and subjected to high speed, severe pressing deformation, and therefore rapidly alloy at a low temperature. The result shows that REA technology can be alloyed Al-Ti material. Its phases are mainly composed of Al and Al3Ti, which are distributed more evenly in the aluminum. After heat treatment, its phases’ types and pole figures have no significant change, but there is a trend of transition to the non-equilibrium stable phase. Small-angle grain boundaries decrease or even disappear.

Abstract: The study concerns the welding of wood-plastic composites and the impact of their properties on weldability. The welding has been performed with two different methods: hot gas and hot plate welding. The connectivity of wood-plastic composites using different materials and two different welding methods are examined. The welding has been tested with four materials that differ slightly from each other. The different composition of materials provides information about how different materials affect the joining in the composite. The materials were made with wood flour, polypropylene, wollastonite, maleated polypropylene and lubricants with different mixtures. The weld seams have been observed by three different methods: tensile test, Brinell hardness and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that both welding methods are workable, and with both methods the samples were joined. Hot plate welding gave more significant strength values than hot gas welding, however. Both methods are useful, but a more detailed study to optimize the connection methods should be done.

Abstract: The protecting of concrete, which consists of coating a chemical substance onto concrete’s surface, has been applied to architectural conservation. There is increasing interest in studying materials for concrete which can reduce the infiltration of water and salt solutions and rehabilitate and extend its service life. Silicon compounds are frequently used as a base for commercial protecting paint due to their hydrophobicity and penetrability. In this study, concrete was coated with paste-like emulsion impregnant. The factors that impact the waterproofing performance of the impregnant were investigated including the emulsifier amount, the penetration depth and the contact time. The capability of the impregnant was shown by the contact angle and the weight percent gain. The waterproofing performance of the concrete was increased after the coated with the so prepared impregnant.

Abstract: In this article, the effect of montmorillonite (MMT) concentration on the nucleation of polypropylene (PP) was investigated. The PP/MMT nanocomposites containing various content of MMT (0.075-3.0 wt%) were prepared by a melt blending process using an internal mixer, followed by compression molding into sheets. The nucleation effect of MMT was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. XRD results indicated that the PP nanocomposites loaded with less than 1.5 wt% of MMT formed an exfoliated structure. DSC results showed that the crystallization temperature (T_c) of PP/MMT nanocomposites were higher than that of neat PP. Tc also increased with increasing MMT content, indicating that MMT was effective in nucleating PP crystal. WAXD patterns revealed that the addition of MMT did not affect the crystal structure of PP. Mechanical property tests showed that the tensile and impact strengths of the PP/MMT nanocomposites were better than those of neat PP when the MMT content was lower than 1.5 wt%.