Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: As one of the gravest natural disasters in China, Marine disaster brings about serious damages each year. In the 18th CPC national congress, Chinese leaders put forward with the goal of building a strong marine country, under this circumstance, the fight against marine disaster has gain strategic meaning. Based on the basic rights of survival and development, this paper elaborates marine disaster-victims rights and interests, those are right to life, right to know, right to receive assistance, participation right, title to property, right to resume production. As a large amount of marine disaster-victims rely on marine resources to make a living, they are highly vulnerable to marine disaster. Our government should ensure these rights in terms of concept, legal system, technology, economy and policy.

Abstract: Lots of loess sediments, mostly located at the Eastern Songnen Plain, have been deposited through the whole Quaternary period. In order to determine their sources, samples were collected from a number of representative areas, such as the dust loess, river sediment of the Songhua River and the Horqin sandy land. Heavy mineral assemblage analysis of these samples shows that the dust samples share a consistent character, which is similar to the Songhua Rivers sediments. In contrast, there is a big difference between the dust samples and the Horqin. Heavy minerals assemblage from Eastern Songnen Plain dust loess compatible with a dominant source in the nearby river sediments and the weathered granitoid of the Songhua River drainage basin, such as the Hinggan Mountains and Eastern mountains, with additional minor contributions from the Horqin sandy land or the distal dust source.

Abstract: Highway construction consumes a large amount of non-renewable resources, while the sustainable development concept enhances the traditional highway construction ideas, fully optimizes the whole construction technology and construction process, and realizes high degree of harmony of highway construction, natural environment and social environment. Highway construction includes planning, design, construction, operation phases, etc. Only adherence to the sustainable development concept can ensure the sustainable development of the whole system of highway construction.

Abstract: As agriculture's impact on the Earth has been amplified by industrial farming, the functioning of ecosystems around the world is disruptive. The phenomena of agroecological environment are becoming worse and worse in the arid and semi-arid regions, which has become the predominant obstacle for agriculture development. Through understanding the character of perennial crops and developing them, however, would help us to deal with the multiple issues in agroecosystems, such as agroecological environmental conservation, economic benefits and so on. It also can provide multiple ecosystem services including a new solution to the long-standing problems of soil erosion and degradation associated with conventional annual small-grain cropping systems. This paper assesses the derivation of agroecology and agroecosystems, introduces the agroecological value of perennial crop, and prospects the significant utilization of perennial crop in the future.

Abstract: To redress the deteriorating environment, policies regarding river eco-compensation have been issued in China since 2008. Due to the high cost, eco-compensation has not been well implemented in the Taihu pilot region. Therefore, how to determine the compensation criterion is already a priority. In this paper, a compensation criterion model based on the treatment costs of sewage was introduced. Using the pollution source census data covering 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011 in the Taihu lake area of Jiangsu province, the average eco-compensation criterion for chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 2,000 Chinese Yuan (CNY) ± 325 CNY per ton and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N) and total phosphorus (TP) are 8,000 CNY ± 1,300 CNY and 80,000 CNY ± 13,000 CNY per ton, respectively. The new method can provide an important template for managers when drafting river eco-compensation schemes.

Abstract: Reduction of organosulfurs in gasoline has become an urgent requirement in the world, especially in China. The goal of this work focuses on removal of thiophene from binary mixtures of thiophene and n-heptane by means of pervaporation. The PEBAX homogenous film was prepared by coating. The swelling experiments of film were studied for the affinity of PEBAX film to thiophene. The swelling degree of film increased with increasing thiophene content in the mixtures. The result indicates the PEBAX film had preferential sorption to thiophene rather than n-heptane. Pervaporation experiments were studied for investigating separation properties of the film. The effect of thiophene concentration in feed and operation temperature on separation properties of the film was researched. The results of pervaporation showed that both total and thiophene flux increased with increase of thiophene content in the feed and temperature, but the separation factor deceased with their increase. The activity energy was calculated according to the Arrhenius relationship. This work may offer useful visions into the possibility of the separation of sulfur compounds from gasoline via pervaporation.

Abstract: This paper analyzed the impact of the mountain highway on road domain ecosystems, and defined the concept and content of the road domain ecosystem ecological integration and its relationship with ecosystem health. Based on PSR framework, the ecological integrated measurement model was built. By constructing various subsystems indicators, the road domain ecosystem ecological integration was quantified by using the comprehensive evaluation method. On this basis, this paper divided the ecological integration into four grades: poor, moderate, good and excellent. It provided a theoretical basis for the ecological protection and restoration of the mountain highway construction.

Abstract: As important material basis that composes of geological park, geological relic resource is a kind of rare and non-renewable resource. With the characteristics of typicality, scarcity, and integrity, geological relic resources such as Qingfeng Fracture, Qingfeng Grand Canyon and Magmatic intrusion of Qingfengshan Geological Park in Fang County of China, have very high scientific value and aesthetic ornamental value. Turning off small mines enterprises, setting up protective blocks, establishing geological park management mechanism and carrying out other measures can achieve effective protection of the geological relic resources of geological park.

Abstract: Ecological footprint theory is used to evaluate the eco-environmental conditions by calculating the area of regional productive land. The research would estimate the environmental sustainability of the lifestyle of residents in Liaocheng city using the ecological footprint as the indicator of consumption. At first, the related conceptions of ecological footprint will be introduced, then analysis the disparity between consumption demand and available supply on the basis on data from statistical yearbook of Shandong Province in 2011. The result shows that the ecological footprint exceeds 27.9 times of ecological carrying capacity which indicate that the city was in unsustainable situation in 2011.

Abstract: Water resources vulnerability evaluation has important significance to guide the water resources management and water ecological environment protection. This paper builds the water resources vulnerability evaluation index system from three aspects of natural, human and bearing capacity and integrates matter-element theory with entropy weight to construct the matter-element extension evaluation model of water resources vulnerability. The area of Shandong Province is selected for study, and the proposed model and evaluation index system are applied to respectively evaluates the water resources vulnerability of each city, the results show that the proposed model has a efficient performance, and water resources vulnerability evaluated is higher in whole study area and varies significantly in space, moreover, the northwestern cities are higher, on the contrary, the southeastern cities are lower.