Advanced Materials Research Vols. 734-737

Abstract: Though analyzing the environmental impacts of household consumption has been well studied, little attention has been paid to a few basic questions. Compared to the CO2 emissions related to the productive process, we discuss the characteristics of the emissions related to household consumption. Extending the household metabolism model to open economy, we divide the emissions related to household consumption into three categories: direct and indirect emissions; domestic and imported emissions; autonomous and induced emissions. Then we build the estimative formulas respectively.

Abstract: Chongqing’s carbon balance based on carbon footprints is analyzed, which is defined CO2 emitted by human activities equal to CO2 absorbed by carbon sinks and carbon footprints elimination. On the basis of carbon balance calculation with indicators of measurement of CO2 emissions, conversion from CO2 to carbon footprint and rate of carbon neutral by CO2 sinks of forestation and greening, it is found that Chongqing’s carbon footprints grew from 5.0141 Mghas in 1997 to 10.2973 Mghas in 2009 with rate of about 6 per cent yearly, in which carbon footprints from fossil-fuels-combustion overwhelmingly increased from 50.3 per cent in 1997 to 79.48 per cent in 2009; and the gap exists in Chongqing’s carbon balance with being widen from 3.3271 Mghas in 1997 to 7.4133 Mghas in 2009, with enlargement rate of 1.809 per cent yearly.

Abstract: Estimating the reduction potential of methane (CH₄) emissions in order to provide some advices for reducing them in paddy ecosystem. In order to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and the reduction potential of CH₄ emissions, conducting a database of CH₄ emissions of rice growing seasons and rice growing area in the study area. From 2001 to 2010, both the rice growing area and the CH₄ emission of south Jiangsu province shown a declining trend. In these 10 years, total CH₄ emissions decreased by 29.90×10¹⁰g, a drop of 30.72%. Base on the rice growing area in 2010, the total reduction potential of CH₄ emissions was 46.18×10¹⁰g in south Jiangsu province. From 2001 to 2010, the difference of CH₄ emissions per unit area between the cities were not big, their CH ₄ emissions reduction was mainly due to a reduction of rice growing area.

Abstract: Credible terrestrial carbon market mechanism is a new mechanism which terrestrial carbon Organization proposed in July 2008, namely using the credible way carbon market, bring terrestrial carbon of developing countries into the international action to combat climate change. The paper starts from the background of credible terrestrial carbon market mechanism, introduces the content and implementation of the mechanism and discusses the related legal issues, lastly explores its future development prospect.

Abstract: This paper explains the mechanism that environmental technology innovation influences the green firm-specific advantage of high-carbon enterprises. The empirical analysis illustrates that green resources have a significant effect on the green firm-specific advantage of high-carbon enterprises, the relationship between green resources and green firm-specific advantage is partly mediated by environmental technology innovation, and the relationship between environmental technology innovation and green firm-specific advantage is partly mediated by environmental legitimacy.

Abstract: To find out the characteristics and relationships of air pollutants and greenhouse gases emissions in China is of important practical significance for the state, to make relative policies on cooperative control of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. The panel data (1995 to 2010) of 30 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in Chinese mainland is selected, to apply Mathematical Statistics and Data Envelopment Analysis method to research on the emission characteristics and efficiency of the major atmospheric pollutant (SO₂) and the main greenhouse gas (CO₂). The results shows: Chinese regional and industrial SO₂ and CO₂ emission levels have significant differences, the total emissions of the eastern and central region are higher than the western region, however, the emission intensity of the western region is much higher than the eastern region, especially, the SO₂ and CO₂ emission intensity of Ningxia region are both the highest in the country. The calculation results of relative efficiency with DEA show that the efficiency ranking of the three regions is: Eastern>Central>Western. 7 provinces as Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Qinghai and Tianjin are at the production frontier,the relative efficiency is 1, 3 provinces with the lowest efficiency are all in western region as Yunnan, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, which is basically consistent with the regional characteristics of emission intensity. Finally, the implications of SO₂ and CO₂ emissions characteristics for the control of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases emission reduction will be analyzed.

Abstract: As the most effective methods in containing climate change and mitigating its consequences, the development and transfer of low carbon technologies (LCT) has aroused strong interest from developing countries particularly those with rapid economic growth. While there has always existed debate on the role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in this process. The point of contention lies in whether IP will become the block, the evidence of which is reviewed briefly in this paper, furthermore, the obstacles that hinder the transfer and diffusion of LCT is also discussed in detail. Based on which, we bring forward the local adaption strategies for China according to the social and intellectual property environment, involving the following aspects such as modification of patent law, independent research of LCT, implement of compulsory license system, construction of patents pool, technical information services.

Abstract: Through forestation and carbon-sink transactions, coal enterprises can not only protect the environment in coal mining areas, but also obtain the financial returns. In this paper, first of all main thought and principles in establishing forest carbon-sink market in coal industry are discussed. Then trading mechanism is designed including CM-CERs and CM-VERs, as well as the operational mechanism with the respects of factors in the market, supply and demand mechanism, price mechanism and risk mechanism. Afterward construction of primary and secondary markets of forest carbon-sink is researched. Finally the conception of integrate with Market in China through Panda Standard and World through CDM of carbon-sink are provided.

Abstract: Jiangmen in middle industrialization, in the high-speed economic development and at the same time energy consumption growing fast, are accompanied by a rise in Carbon dioxide emissions.In order to find out the main factors affecting the carbon emissions of Jiangmen, and reduce carbon emissions, this paper recommended 1990-2010 energy consumption carbon emissions of Jiangmen based on the method IPCC assessment . The ridge regression model based on the STIRPAT was set up to describe the environmental impact and the precise relationship between driving force. At last, some Suggestions were put forward : adjusting the industrial structure, changing the mode of economic growth, and the use of low carbon technology, building good real estate development of low carbon policy environment.

Abstract: The addition of renewable energy as the fifth source of Fuel Policy which was formulated under the 8th Malaysia Plan (20012005) to reduce dependency on fossil fuel and to address the rising global concern about climate change. This study is specifically on the GHG emissions from the consumption electricity are considered to be indirect emissions by the GHG Protocol guideline and effectiveness of using solar power Energy in order to calculate the current carbon footprint from electricity consumed at UTM and using Photo Voltaic (PV) as a renewable energy for reduce CO2 emission.