Advanced Materials Research Vols. 734-737

Abstract: In this paper we propose a case study of urban heat island applied to Palermo. The urban heat island (UHI) is the most studied of the climate effects of settlements. The UHI refers to the generally warm urban temperatures compared to those over surrounding, non-urban, areas. The aim of this paper is to find a connection among the average rise in temperature and the modification of albedo.

Abstract: This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of South Koreas climate change initiative in reducing greenhouse gases in home heating sector. The conclusions of the research are: (1) it is recommended to set targets for efficient energy consumption and reduction of energy use in the countrys home energy sector. (2) If the energy source unit in 2020 can be cut down to the level of 2000, the total greenhouse gas emission can be slashed down to a 57% level of what is originally projected. (3) Greenhouse gas emission coefficient per different use of energy source was proposed.

Abstract: Global warming is a hot issue that we concern presently, and methane (CH₄) should be paid more attention as the main contributor. Grassland ecosystem, as the important carbon sink plays an important role in global climate change. This paper summarizes the mechanism of CH₄ production and analyzes the environmental factors and management factors which affect CH₄ flux from grassland ecosystem.

Abstract: Grassland ecosystem is the main part of terrestrial ecosystem. The variations of greenhouse gas (N₂O, CH₄ and CO₂) exchanging fluxes from grassland can influence global greenhouse gases payments balance. And the main land use pattern of grassland is grazing. The grazing impacts on the exchanging fluxes of N₂O, CH₄ and CO₂ from soil of grassland by influencing soil physical properties (such as soil moisture, temperature and porosity) of grassland. This paper analyzed the results of previous studies by the way of comparison, and we summarised that the grazing reduced CH₄ uptake and N₂O emissions of grassland, but which does not change the sources and sinks pattern of atmospheric greenhouse gases. However, the grazing significantly increased the emissions of CO₂ from grassland.

Abstract: This paper evaluates the results of two recent studies of advanced amine-based, post-combustion CO₂ capture plant designs. The first study was conducted by the IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA GHG), while the second study was conducted by Parsons for the US DOEs National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Fluors improved monoethanolamine (MEA) process, known as the Econamine FG Plus^SM technology, is utilised for both studies. Cost and performance estimates for both pulverized coal and natural gas-fired combined cycle plants are summarized. Differences between the design bases and assumptions for the two studies are discussed. The Econamine FG Plus^SM technology, as an improved process in amine-based post-combustion CO₂ capture described in this paper is leading to lower increases in the cost of electricity (COE). Both the DOE/Parsons and IEA GHG studies show that the increase is now down to 42 to 43% from as high as 60 to 70% indicated from previous studies for PC plants with CO₂ capture.

Abstract: This study carried out the research on the relative influence of global warming consequent on recycling mode of wood waste from building dismantlement, and calculation of Environmental Cost (EC) in consideration of global warming. This study limited the recycling options to incineration and production of particle board, and conducted inventory analysis and worked out the relative influence of global warming according to individual recycling. In addition, this study calculated the EC in consideration of global warming on the basis of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2007 GWP(Global Warming Potential) 100a method, and EU's carbon trading price. As a result of research, GWP and EC by incineration were found to be about 4.28 times as high as particle board production.

Abstract: This paper is to study the possibility of emission reduction targets to be achieved. With Tapio decoupling model, the decoupling relationship of 30 provinces in 11th Five-Year Plan is studied. Taking the carbon intensity in 2005 (reduction benchmark), the growth rate of GDP and decoupling elasticity value as indicators, all provinces are clustered into five types of regions. Then the carbon intensity of every region in 2020 is predicted. Some useful results are presented. The growth rate of GDP has no direct impact on the realization of emission reduction targets. The higher reduction benchmark does not restrict the success of emission reduction targets. The region with higher reduction benchmark is much easier to achieve in lowering carbon intensity than the region with lower one. Without powerful relevant policy, the region with lower reduction benchmark and higher decoupling elasticity value is difficult in achieving the emission reduction targets.

Abstract: This paper discusses how much the driving effect on CO₂ emissions caused by every influence factor in Tianjin of China. Based on STIRPAT model, the elasticity coefficient of the population (P), the affluence (A), the urbanization rate (UR) and the technological level (T) is 0.14, 1.55, 0.49 and-1.25. Combined the change rate of each influence factors 1995-2008 and the elasticity coefficient, the analysis shows that A, UR and P increase the amount of CO₂ emissions, T decreases the amount of CO₂ emissions, the size of influence factors driving effect on CO₂ emission in Tianjin is A>T>UR>P every year, overall CO₂ emissions shows a growing trend. Achieving the carbon emission reduction target is very hard, therefore, changing the economy dependence on energy consumption development mode and improving technology level are the most important way for CO₂ emissions reduction in Tianjin of China.

Abstract: Based on the reality of Dongying City, combined with relevant statistical data, the carbon sink capacity of the forest ecosystem, wetland ecosystem, landscaping ecosystem and farmland ecosystem in Dongying City was calculated systematically by using the empirical coefficient method. The results showed that the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecological system in Dongying City was about 596.72×10⁴ t CO₂ in 2009, and wetland ecosystem, whose carbon sink capacity accounted for 84.82% of the total terrestrial carbon sink, was the major terrestrial carbon sink of Dongying City. The research results have important significance for Dongying City in rapid transition to low carbon ecological development, mitigating and avoiding the environmental crisis resulted from high carbon development as well as resources crisis caused by energy excessive consumption, and realizing sustainable development.

Abstract: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the effective means to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere. Deep saline aquifer is the most potential storage sites because of its wide spread and the huge storage capacity. The storage capacity of deep saline aquifer was determined by hydrogeological parameters of the assessed aquifer. Spatial discretization method based on the geostatistical method takes account of the spatial variability of hydrogeological parameters involved in capacity assessment, which applied by inputting the value of hydrological parameters of every cell and calculating the storage capacity of each cell. The total storage capacity in assessed area was the summation of all cells. In the Central Depression of Songliao Basin, the theoretical carbon dioxide storage capacity of deep saline aquifers was estimated as 81.80Gt with spatial discretization method. Compared with the other methods, this method can reflect the spatial characteristics of the carbon dioxide storage capacities and was more precise.