Advanced Materials Research Vol. 768

Abstract: With rapid growth in economy, energy consumption in developing countries like India is increasing at a fast rate primarily due to increase in demand in energy intensive sectors. The adverse impacts on the environment due to high energy demand are also becoming evident. Energy consumption in household sector can be defined as the energy consumed in homes to meet the needs of the residents themselves. To understand the residential energy consumption pattern it is important to identify the drivers of energy use in developing India. The basic drivers are population growth, household size, fuel and technology, income level and life style changes. Energy and climate change related concern of the Indian economy include the growing gap between demand and supply of energy, and environmental externalities associated with energy use. In this paper the drivers of energy consumption and emission are identified and the Indian household energy consumption pattern is analyzed.

Abstract: A targeted energy analysis was carried out in a textile industry focusing on lighting system. It is observed from the study that the industry can replace the existing TL-D 36 W/54 fluorescent tube lights with energy efficient TL-5 28 W/865 fluorescent tube lights with electronic ballast. This has resulted in energy saving of 206388 kWh per annum. The corresponding CO₂ mitigation is estimated at 167.174 t CO₂/annum. An experiment was conducted to identify the exact light intensity of the proposed lighting system. The result shows that the light intensity has reduced by 11.1 % which is insignificant compared to energy saving and CO₂ mitigation. The investment for the new lighting fixtures is estimated at INR 0.468 million with cost saving of INR 1.65 million which has return on investment of just 3.3 months.

Abstract: In this paper influence of microwave & muffle furnace heat treatment on properties & energy consumption aspects for Al-B₄C composite is studied. The impact, hardness, power consumption, heat treatment, time & cost were also studied. It is observed that the results of hardness & impact strength of the material are very closer in muffle furnace and microwave oven. Power conservation & cost reduction in microwave oven process is many times less where compared with muffle furnace. Huge time is saved in microwave oven process. Green environmental & sustainable development is encouraged in the process of microwave heat treatment. Keywords: Microwave oven, muffle furnace, Al-B₄C, power conservation, green environmental

Abstract: Two different control strategies for extracting reference currents for shunt active power filters have been evaluated and their performances have been compared under various non linear loads. Comparison of the compensation ability of different control strategies based on THD and speed will be done and suggestions will be given for the selection of strategy to be used under different load. The simulated results using MATLAB model are presented and they will clearly prove the effectiveness of the proposed control method of aircraft shunt APF.

Abstract: For growing of electrical demand in the modern world energy requirement is tremendously increased day to day power market. Nowadays the non-conventional energy sources are utilized to meet out the current power demand through PV, wind and other non-conventional resources etc. In this concern the energy drawn from the other non-conventional energy sources is highly variable due to the nature of uncertainties. Hence the optimal load dispatch of the power is highly difficult, one of the attempts is to eradicate this difficulty by adding developed uncertainty model of PV and wind sourced power generation in power system network. Uncertainties of PV irradiation and wind speed models are developed by using generic probabilistic approach. By using this hybrid system, instantaneous power flow of a DG system is obtained through Monte carlo simulation (MCS) in the MATLAB/SIMULINK packages. Enhancement of optimal power flow (opf) and system reliability due to addition of uncertainty variables in DG sourced power systems.Index TermsLoad flow analysis, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), integration of Photovoltaic generator and wind (PVG and WEG).

Abstract: This paper mainly presents the DSTATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) and its control methodology of DC capacitor voltage. Generally, the dc capacitor voltage is regulated using a PI controller where various control algorithms are used for load compensation. Whenever there is a change in load there is considerable variation in dc capacitor voltage which might affect compensation. In this work, a supervisory method is proposed to reduce the dc link rating. The reduction in dc link voltage leads to the reduction in switching frequency and hence switching losses A considerable reduction in the in dc link capacitor voltage is obtained without compromising the compensating capability. The major power quality issues discussed in this work are harmonics and power factor reduction. The performance of the proposed strategy is proved using the detailed MATLAB simulation studies.

Abstract: The major problem in the PV system is the poor PV consumption under viable irradiation condition. So in order to improve the power consumption of PV along with grid connected inverter, this system has been implemented with controller analysis and model. This system is mainly used for non linear load compensation under unbalanced condition. In the existing method, Peak current of the inverter is reduced during the unbalanced grid-voltage sags with the help of current harmonics injection which increases the total harmonic distortion. Double synchronous reference frame technique with PLL is used to synchronize PV with grid. As well as the maximum power point of PV is tracked using Incremental Conductance technique to reduce the error and improves the system efficiency. Selected simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink are reported in order to show the proposed system efficient.

Abstract: Distribution system is facing stability issues with integration of distributed generators and controllers. This proposed method presents the stability of renewable energy based distribution system with varying energy source considering intermittent nature of wind and solar energy using probabilistic approach. The system is supplied by conventional and distributed generating sources like PV and wind. Monte Carlo approach is used for predicting the wind and solar power uncertainties. Proposed work explains both small signal stability and transient stability enhancement of DG sourced power system with power system stabilizer and automatic voltage regulator .It is carried out in is 4 machine 10 bus system. The initial simulation has been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Abstract: Ac line reactor, Dc link reactors and shunt capacitors are mostly used for improving the power factor and reducing the THD level in the adjustable speed drive (ASD) and protecting the device from other power quality problem. The effectiveness of these reactors are affected by many other factors such as loading and source impedance. Under variable load conditions such factors are analyzed and performance of system also analyzed. In this paper simulation is done by inserting such factor which also suggested for future real time applications.

Abstract: The dynamic economic dispatch (DED) occupies important place in a power systems operation and control. It aims to determine the optimal power outputs of on-line generating units in order to meet the load demand and reducing the fuel cost. The nonlinear and non convex characteristics are more common in the DED problem. Therefore, obtaining a optimal solution presents a challenge. In the proposed system, firefly algorithm, Adaptive simulated annealing algorithm, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm a recently introduced population-based technique is utilized to solve the DED problem. A general formulation of this algorithm is presented together with an analytical mathematical modeling to solve this problem by a single equivalent objective function. The results are compared with those obtained by alternative techniques proposed by the literature in order to show that it is capable of yielding good optimal solutions with proper selection of control parameters. Keywords: ABC-Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, DED-Dynamic Economic Dispatch, FA-firefly algorithm, ASA-Adaptive Simulated annealing algorithm