Advanced Materials Research Vols. 779-780

Abstract: Moats are an important element of the historical development and management of urban environments in China. As a result of the rapid development of cities and long-term over-exploitation and pollution, problems have arisen in relation to urban moats, particularly with regard to the blockage of river channels, the reduction of river areas, and the deterioration of water quality. Treatment and upgrading of urban moats, in relation to the surrounding city and its rivers, is thus important for the harmonious development of modern cities. This is an important aspect of current urban planning and water conservation that affects the quality of life in cities. In this article we have conducted a case study on the Qinhuai River in Nanjing. Specific measures and achievements in relation to water treatment of the Qinhuai River have been analyzed in the context of enhancing water conservation while taking economic factors into account. We have also undertaken an analysis of management deficiencies in terms of environmental degradation of the Qinhuai River and have made recommendations on future management so as to promote harmonious environment-friendly economic development and the coordination of urban development and public health. The Qinhuai River can be regarded as a case study in which the need to maintain historical Chinese moats must be part of the management of the aquatic environment in modern cities. The aim of this study is therefore to provide a reference for water management in other cities.

Abstract: As city accounts for more than half of the world population and consumed 75% of the energy, it emitted around 70% of the global GHGs. So it is essential to consider low carbon development at urban level from a long term perspective. This study aims to how to account the current carbon emission and predict future emission at city level by use of Energy model. The model projects consistent and quantitative socio-economic variables, energy demand, GHG emission and diffusion of mitigation options in order to achieve an emission target or assess the potential of emission reduction by various counter measures. The analysis results could be recommended to the policy makers.

Abstract: Drinking water sources play an important role in assurance of life safety, normal production and social stability. In this paper, a real-time remote water quality monitoring and early warning system has been developed. The paper concentrates on the system architecture and key techniques of the real-time water quality monitoring and early warning. The implementation of the system by advanced water quality sensor techniques, wireless transmission, databases and water quality modeling is retraced in detail. It can be applied to the real-time remote monitoring of water quality and decision support for water pollution incidents.

Abstract: Pore, fracture and vugs consist of the main reservoir space of carbonate reservoirs. Fracture is an important seepage channel. The causes, fracture geometry, filling and situation will further affect the stress sensitivity of reservoir. By means of contrast experimentation, researching the stress sensitivity of natural fracture and artificial fracture samples, with and without solids invasion fracture samples, with and without acid etched fracture samples, connected and disconnected double vugs. The results including 8 groups show that the average stress sensitivity coefficient are respectively 0.64,0.75,0.52,0.18,0.73,0.50,0.33 and 0.73, and the degree of stress sensitivity is respectively medium to strong, strong, medium to strong, weak, strong, medium to weak, weak and strong. It showed that the stress sensitivity of natural fracture stronger than artificial fracture, solids invasion and acid etch strengthen the stress sensitivity, the connection of double vugs weaken the stress sensitivity of fractured samples.

Abstract: Agricultural residues from straw are widely used for energy and other applications. The thermal conductivity is one of the most important thermophysical properties considered when using agricultural residues, such as rice straw, in renewable energy engineering. In this paper, the thermal conductivity of rice straw was measured using a thermal probe by the transient hot wire method at selected moisture contents, temperatures and dry densities. The moisture contents of the samples ranged from 0 to 21.47 percent wet basis and the dry densities ranged from 90.7 to 136.4 kg/m³ and the temperature ranged from 0 to 170°C. Under those conditions, the thermal conductivity was measured and analyzed. Experiment results showed that the thermal conductivity increases with the increases of the density, moisture content and temperature, and the relationship among them is approximately described in a linear way. A new model to predict the thermal conductivity of agricultural residues from straw was proposed. The calculated results by the proposed model are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Abstract: Combined with characteristics of large time delay, nonlinear, time-varying on air-conditioned room temperature control, designing a proportion-fuzzy PID controller, establishing air-conditioning temperature system model, introducing controller principle and structure, describing various parameters of the fuzzy control rules in detail. The system model was built and compared with the traditional PID in Simulink of MATLAB, and finally making simulation. Simulation results show that the proportion-fuzzy controller has better dynamic and steady performance than conventional PID controller.

Abstract: Due to the characteristics of the ultra-low permeability, facture system becomes the key to the deployment of shale gas, and the following stress sensitivity damage will restrict the engineering effect. The essay takes the Niutitang group of black shale as the research object, which carried out for natural fracture rock sample and artificial fracture rock sample study of stress sensitivity evaluation in order to compare differences between them. The experimental results show that the natural fracture rock sample is medium to strong stress sensitivity, while the artificial fracture rock sample is from strong to the extreme strong stress sensitivity. Natural fracture is more flattening than the artificial fracture formation because of leaching action. The processed SEM image can reflect structure information on the two-dimensional surface. Its surface structure conforms to the fractal structure characteristics. Whats more, fracture it can also reflect the three-dimensional information of the fracture surface through grey value, which provides a new imaging method for the research of surface microstructure for fracture.

Abstract: Research and development in the fast pyrolysis of biomass has been absorbing substantial amounts of human and economic resources over the last two decades, resulting in notable advances in various areas including: characterization and upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil; novel technologies capable of making use of the energy. This paper provides an updated review of its characteristics of biomass fast pyrolysis oil and a critical analysis of potential applications, such as diesel engines and turbine.

Abstract: Ecological compensation uses economic incentive to address water conservation issues. Stakeholders preference should be considered seriously during the eco-compensation policy making. To that end, the contingent valuation method (CVM) has been widely preferred for its non-market valuation in the process of eco-compensation standard confirmation. In this paper, the research was focused on the changing of individual willingness to accept eco-compensation over years using CVM. With the case study of Miyun Reservoir, China, the changes of residents WTA and key socioeconomic variables were gauged respectively according to two-period investigation in 2008 and 2012. The results showed that the average value of Miyun Reservoir residents WTA was decreasing, and the job and attitude to environment of respondents became the significant predictors of WTA to water conservation during the past 5 years.

Abstract: Multi-beam bathymetry is a modern underwater detection technology which has been widely used in the fields of underwater detection.We present the working principle and characteristics of this method and introduce its application to the monitoring of river sand and gravel resources.We also discuss its techniques and data processing process. Through case study in a sand mining segment in the Yangtze River basin,we demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of applying this method to the quantitative.