Advanced Materials Research Vols. 781-784

Abstract: In the applications of HACCP, hazard analysis (HA) and the determination of critical control points (CCP) are particularly important. For example, in fruit production, using hazard risk assessment to quantify the damage, to determine the significant harm, then using tree key control point evaluation and providing general methods for HACCP critical control points to judge. There are rich fruit tree resources in our country, the fruit trees of economic value has more than 30, including apple, orange, pear, banana, peach, hawthorn, plum, apricot, cherry, grape, litchi, longan, pineapple, mango, persimmon, jujube and kiwi, etc. In recent years, the development of fruit industry is fast in China, the fruit production has increased to 214.014 million t in 2010 from 161.201 million t in 2005. As people living standard enhancement, the fruits quality and safety are becoming more and more important. Fruits quality and safety have become an important factor that restricts the development of fruit industry in our country.

Abstract: The research objects are 24 supermarkets in Beijing which have been investigated the procurement channel and quality inspection of fruit and vegetables by visiting market. The results showed that currently there are four supplying modes applied in Beijing area supermarket: self-cultivation base, farmer professional cooperatives, super agricultural butt and supermarket - wholesale market ". And the main quality control measures focus on inspecting supplier and supermarket self-checking and sampling. At the same time, this article also puts forward some recommendations aiming at the supermarket chain of fruit quality control.

Abstract: 16 major and trace elements content of 8 edible seaweeds were determined by ICP-AES after wet digestion to compare the nutritional value and pollution level between Cyanophyta (blue), Chlorophyta (green), Rhodophyta (red), Phaeophyta (brown) species. The concentration changes of trace elements in seaweeds had some differences from four species, but the concentration distribution tendency of trace elements was similar. Major elements ( K,Ca,Na,Mg,P) and functional elements (Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Se,Cr) were abundant in Cyanophyta (blue) and Phaeophyta (brown) species, these two species, however, accumulated Al selectively. The pollution levels of toxic elements like As, Pb and Hg in most seaweeds from this study demonstrated that the cultivation aquatic eco- environments were relatively safe. In this paper, Nostoc commune var. Flagelliforme (Cyanophyta) abounds in Fe, Zn and major elements, moreover the concentration of potentially toxic elements were relatively low. The second was Phaeophyta species, especially Laminaria japonica Aresch . Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (Rhodophyta) shows the lowest nutritional value.

Abstract: Introduced quality situation of milk supply, this paper made a sorting and analysis on the factors got from literature review and field research that influence milk supply by using fishbone diagram. The factors are as follows: raising modes and environment of dairy cows; feed; raising management; milking and purchasing; stocking; transportation; Aiming at these factors, this paper suggest to build scaled milk supply base; improve dairy cow raising environment; strengthening feed management; build HACCP quality control system of dairy cow supply and third-party detection mechanism.

Abstract: The aim of this work was to establish a method that the residues of imidacloprid,carben-dazim and thiabendazole in fruits and vegetables were determined by HPLC.Acetonitrile was edded in the sample for extraction solvent, and using sodium chloride for absorbing water of the sample,then purified by NH₂ solid phase extraction cartridge, the sample was detected by HPLC.Under the selected conditions,the detection limits of imidacloprid, carbendazim, thiabendazole were 0.002 mg/kg,0.003 mg/kg and 0.003 mg/kg respectively.Tests for recovery were made by addition of three pesticidess standards at three different concentration levels (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) to the blank sample.The mean recovery rates of imidacloprid, carbendazimand thiabendazole were87.0%~99.2%,82.0%~96.0% and 80.0%~95.0% respectively , and the relative standard deviations were 0.52%~6.80%.The sensitivity, accuracy and precision of this method were able to meet the requirements for pesticide residue analysis.

Abstract: Monacolin K is a secondary metabolite of Monascus fermentation with lowering blood fat, cholesterol and blood sugar. The culture substrates and fermentation conditions were optimized by means of L₉ (3³) orthogonal experiments. The optimized fermentation conditions were studied and concluded: initial moisture content 50%, material thickness 4 cm and fermentation time 13 days. Using rice as substrate, the maximum yield of monacolin K was 2.50 mg/g in the optimized conditions. Using glutinousrice as substrate, the maximum yield of monacolin K was 2.71 mg/g in the optimized conditions. The founding determined that glutinousrice was used as substrate in solid state fermentation by Monascus purpureus to produce monacolinK.

Abstract: Nattokinase is a potent fibrinolytic enzyme. The composition of the medium for nattokinase production was optimized respectively. Effect of glucose concentration on nattokinase activity and optimal glucose concentration in fermentation process were investigated. L₉ (3³) orthogonal array design was applied to investigate the effects of Na₂HPO₄ to NaH₂PO₄ ratio, CaCl₂, MgSO₄ on nattokinase activity and search for the optimal concentrations of the three inorganic salts. The results showed that Na₂HPO₄/NaH₂PO₄ was the main factor to affect nattokinase activity, then was CaCl₂ and MgSO₄ in turn. The optimum concentrations of liquid fermentation medium components were as followed: glucose 1% , Na₂HPO₄ to NaH₂PO₄ ratio 0.4% : 0.1% , CaCl₂ 0.01% and MgSO₄ 0.1%. Under the optimal conditions, the nattokinase activity was equivalent to 871.56 urokinase IU/mL. To mask the smelly flavor, the nattokinase powders were encapsulated. The research will be helpful to the development of nattokinase products.

Abstract: In the study, the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for identifying and analysising the volatile compounds of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) fresh peel (FE) and fresh pulp (FU). The result showed that it was apparent differences of the species and quantities of volatile compounds between peel and pulp. 2,3-Butanediol, Butyrolactone, 1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate, Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, butyl ester, n-Amyl isovalerate, n-Hexadecanoic acid were found in peel and pulp. While compounds, such as Geranylgeraniol, Lanosterol, Pentanoic acid, 3-phenylpropyl ester, Phthalic acid, butyl 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, were only present in the peel. But in the pulp, compounds, like Dibutyl phthalate Phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)- henols were confirmed, which did not be found in the peel. The experimental result also indicated that SPME-GCMS is a simple, rapid, reliable and effective method to analyze the volatile fraction in jackfruit. It may have as profound an impact on analysising the volatile compounds of jackfruit.

Abstract: This study includes the investigation of the chemical properties such as pH value and a*-value, sensorial evaluations, residual nitrite and the oxidation level of Chinese-style sausagered sausage, which have been produced by both reducing the nitrite level ( 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg) and adding tomato powder ( 0%, 2% and 4%). According to the results, 100mg/kg of nitrite together with 2% tomato powder is better. Then the sausages produced with 100mg/kg nitrite and 2% tomato powder, along with sausage which produced with only 150mg/kg of nitrite are stored at 4 °C for 45 days. It was observed that addition of 2% of tomato powder increased degradation of nitrite and decreased the level of oxidation. This study provides a potential solution for nitrite substitute in meat products.

Abstract: A series of epicatechin derivatives, including 3-O-palmitoyl epicatechin, 3-O-myristoyl epicatechin, 3-O-lauroyl epicatechin, 3-O-decanoyl epicatechin and 3-O-octanoyl epicatechin, were prepared by the acylation method. Structures of these prepared products were characterized by LC/MS and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. Their antioxidant activity were assessed by the methods of DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging. The results showed that aliphatic acyl epicatechin derivatives with varying aliphatic groups were synthesized by this method. The antioxidant activity of aliphatic acyl epicatechin derivatives were better than the oil-soluble tea polyphenol and BHT, equal to TBHQ.