Advanced Materials Research Vols. 805-806

Abstract: Coke oven gas is an alternative hydrogen-rich fuel for vehicles, the water vapor in it will result in corrosion and seal damage of the engine combustion chamber. The paper describes the method and principle of COG dehydration, through the analysis of gas dehydration technology, determines the program of coke oven gas dehydration, and implements it in the coke oven gas stations. The result shows the coke oven gas after dehydration meets automotive requirements.

Abstract: In this paper,a research was carried out on the regularities of carbonization temperature,holding time and mass on weightlessness of low rank coal. The experiment showed experiments in a certern range (450°C~700°C,<60min),weightlessness of coal in an increasing trend,the remained volatile content of semi-coke was measured reduce tending to value,ash content increased,fixed carbon gradually increased in the temperature range with the improvement of the carbonization temperature and holding time,also hydrogen and oxygen content of the char decreased,a significant increased in the carbon content,nitrogen and sulfur content was essentially the same. Reactivity of CO2 and semi-coke obtained in different carbonization conditions were better,the response rates are 100% when the temperature exceeded 1000°C. Best condition of dry distillation: carbonization temperature was 500°C~650°C,mass of low rank coal was less than 30g,holding time was between 30 minutes to 40 minutes.

Abstract: To investigate fusibility characteristics of slag from Jincheng Anthracite (JC) pressurized ash agglomerate fluidized bed (AFB) gasification of Jincheng Anthracite (JC), the slag samples were examined by an ash fusion temperature (AFT) analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the AFTs of three kinds of slag are lower than that of JC greatly, and the AFTs of three kinds of slag decrease from the slag formed that on the central tube (S_C) to distribution plate (S_D) to inner face (S_I), as a result of the increase of total base content and the differences in their mineral compositions accordingly. Not all slag during AFB gasification are composed of molten mineral matters. This can be explained that the phenomena that the slag formation during fluidized-bed gasification when the operating temperature is below the AFTs of coal.

Abstract: A new series of hydrophobic-hydrophilic multiblock sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone)-b-poly (arylene ether ketone) copolymers were successfully synthesized and evaluated for use as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The membrane properties of block copolymers including ion exchange capacities (IECs), water uptake and proton conductivities were characterized for the multiblock copolymers and compared with random sulfonated poly (arylene ether) s and other multiblock copolymer membranes at similar ion exchange capacity value. This series of multiblock copolymers showed moderate conductivities up to 0.063 S/cm at 80 °C with very low water uptake of 19%. Therefore, they are considered to be promising PEM materials for fuel cells.

Abstract: Liquefied Natural Gas, compared to conventional ship fuels, offers substantial reduction in NO_X, SO_X and particulates, but its costs are uncertain. Based on the study jointly made by Germanischer Lloyd and MAN Diesel & Turbo, this paper analyzes cost factors of LNG as fuel for container vessels and calculates cargo space losses resulting from LNG's low density. Calculation results show that cargo space losses are about 1.5%~2% of the total container volume. The results can be used as references for selecting LNG as ship fuel.

Abstract: Cylindrical TiO₂ nanotubes and hexagonal TiO₂ nanotubes were obtained in the anodizing process of titanium in fluoride-containing electrolyte. Based on the experimental findings and viscous flow model, a mechanism of self-ordering process of hexagonal cells arrangement for porous anodic TiO₂ nanotubes (PATNT) is proposed in this paper. The analysis results show that oxygen evolution in the pore bottoms plays an important role in the self-ordering process. Oxide grows around the oxygen bubbles in the pore bottoms, which results in the formation of cylindrical TiO₂ nanotubes. Volume expansion of TiO₂ takes place during the anodizing process. Plastic deformation and repulsive force caused by volume expansion are responsible for self-ordering process of PATNT hexagonal cells.

Abstract: The reaction of Cu-based oxygen carrier with CO during chemical looping combustion was studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculations in this paper. It was found that CO₂ is formed after CO chemically adsorbed onto CuO surface and it exhibits strong localization properties. Energy barrier with regard to the overall reaction is 1.947 eV with overall reaction energy of-3.686 eV, indicating the overall reaction is an exothermic process. As can be figured out from the geometries of the stable structures, after the physical adsorption of CO on CuO surface, 1.947 eV is needed to jump to the transition state, and the nearest distance between CO and the surface is 1.542 Å with bond angle of 155.381°, C-O bond has stretched to 1.151 Å from 1.147 Å. With further interaction between CO and CuO surface, nearly linear structure O-C-O group is formed with bond angle of 179.177° and almost symmetric C-O bond distance, which was thought to be the formation of CO₂.

Abstract: A kind of chiral azobenzene was synthesized. The formation of chiral azobenzene was confirmed by IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and mesomorphic properties were investigated by DSC and POM. The reversible optically induced switching effect between trans and cis isomer of chiral azobenzene was demonstrated by a UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer. It was found that cholesteric liquid crystal molecular alignment could be adjusted by these chiral azobenzene.

Abstract: Polymer surfactant, which combines the advantages of polymer and surfactant, is a new type of oil displacement agents in oilfield.Meanwhile, the hazardous composition of the polymer surfactant is unknown.In order to clarify its potential impacts on the operator health during production,the hazardous composition and toxicity in the two solutions ,which polymer surfactants prepared by using fresh water and waste water were investigated.And the existence of inorganic and organic pollutants in the solution were also studied.The results were shown that determination of inorganic phosphorus and arsenic exceeded the standard limits.The polymer surfactant powder and solution extraction products were analyzed, it can be concluded basicly that there is no organic pollutants, or it can be ignorable.

Abstract: LiFePO₄ is becoming promising lithium ion cathode material. Because period of testing call is long, sometimes it cannot accurately characterize for cathode materials. By using Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum, it would be better to describe performance of materials. The electrochemical parameters have been obtained by modeling process of insertion and desertion by Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum, which is helpful to analyze LiFePO₄ electrochemical performance. Because of quick response and preciseness of electrochemical method, it would be better to analyze cathode materials.