Advanced Materials Research Vols. 807-809

Abstract: Thunderstorm days are used to show the lightning frequency happened somewhere. Through comparative analysis on the thunderstorm days data of 66 weather stations in Jiangsu province and lightning data of ADTD lightning monitoring, it presents that the correlation coefficient r became the largest at 11 km range, and the longest distance of thunderstorm artificial observation is 11-14 km. According to the study of lightning activities in Jiangsu province to get the statistical fitting function curve equation by thunderstorm days and ground flash density data. Test the actual application effect of fitting equation by calculating the average relative error of fitting equation and standard equation, then make sure the actual thunderstorm days in Jiangsu province and the cloud to ground flash density formula is N_g=0.0224 T_d^1.48.

Abstract: The groundwater contaminated with cobalt is attracted more and more concern. In this study, molded magnesium silicate (MMS) was successfully prepared and the physico-chemical properties were determined by N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherm and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Surface area and the average pore size were 333.19 m²·g^-1 and 4.442 nm. Adsorption experiments of removal of cobalt ions was investigated as the function of initial concentration, adsorbent dose and adsorption time. Adsorption process was rapid and adsorption equilibriums were achieved soon.

Abstract: In mice, there has been increasing evidence that FOXP3-expressing CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit potentially reactive T cells to allo-antigens and play an important role in transplant (Tx) tolerance. Human CD4⁺CD25 ^high+ T cells represent Tregs, characterized by anergic and antigen-specific suppressive properties. Despite the significance of miniature swine as a preclinical model, only limited data are available regarding the existence of a porcine counterpart to the murine or human Tregs. Methods: From peripheral blood of five adult miniature swine, CD4⁺ cells (CD4⁺), CD4⁺CD25 ^high+ cells (CD25^high+), CD4⁺CD25^low+ cells (CD25^low+), and CD4⁺CD25^- cells (CD25^-) were isolated with a cell sorter. Expression of the homologous gene to murine FOXP3 was quantified by RT-PCR in isolated fractions, and normalized to GAPDH. Proliferation of CD25^high+ and suppressive property of CD25^high+ to CD4⁺ responder cells upon allogeneic stimulation was evaluated by MLR and dilution assay, respectively, after isolation and 9-day culture with allogeneic cells in the presence of IL-2. Results: FOXP3 was expressed ten times higher in CD25 ^high+, compared to that in CD25^low+ (p<0.05). CD25^- expressed almost no FOXP3. CD25^high+ was anergic and could suppress the proliferation of responder CD4⁺ upon allogeneic stimulation after isolation. After culture, CD25^high+ remained anergic and showed a more suppressive effect on cells used for culture than on third party cells. Conclusions: 1) CD25^high+ in miniature swine peripheral blood expressed an extremely high level of FOXP3. 2) This fraction was anergic and has suppressive properties, showing antigen-specificity after exposure to alloantigens. 3) We found for the first time that miniature swine CD25^high+ represents the homologous population to the murine and human Tregs. Miniature swine Tx models, therefore, may provide opportunities for pre-clinical evaluation of innovative Tregs-based tolerance strategy.

Abstract: In recent years, due to increase in urban construction, China's cities are constantly developing and become more and more modern. Meanwhile, city pollution expands at the same rate or even faster. Excessive expansion has caused many adverse reactions of city living environment and has threatened the city's development. Therefore, how to solve the environmental problems of the city becomes one of the essential problems in the development of the city.

Abstract: Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitche is a widespread alien invasive weed in south China and has been reported to show allelopathic potential causing biological suppression on some plants. In this study, the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from the leaves of W. trilobata were tested on the seed germination, shoot growth and total chlorophyll content of rape (Brassica campestris L.) using Petri dish bioassay. The results showed that the aqueous extracts at the concentration from 25% to 100% caused a significant reduction in the germination percentage, shoot length and total chlorophyll content of rape. This inhibitory effect was concentration-dependent. These results suggested there was a strong potential phytotoxic effect of W. trilobata on rape and this effect might reduce the production of some crop species.

Abstract: In this paper, a model of energy-environment-economic model based on dynamic CGE model is constructed after the linkage of dynamic CGE model and energy technology model, the choices of policy of energy conservation and carbon reduction to deal with the change of climate are analysed. Besides the improvement of technology of energy, if carbon taxation is employed, the goal to reduce its carbon intensity by 40% by 2020 compared with 2005 need to levy a tax of 60yuan per tonne, the simulations of this tax to carbon reduction, economic and income of residents are analysed under different circumstances, the results shows that there is a great impact on income of residents and reduction-intensive industries with a higher tax burden level.

Abstract: For delimited the marine regional ecological red line, a systematic delimited principle, basis, standard, method and procedure is proposed in this paper. A credible delimited system has been constructed to research the regional ecological red line. In this method, hydrodynamics, environment, ecology and multi-evaluated method are the key factors for delimiting the scope of red line.

Abstract: Basing on the theories of Environmental Kuznets Curve,this paper analyzes the relationship between industrial economic growth and waste gas,waste water and solid wastes with the economic and environmental statistics of Chongqing Municipality from 1995 to 2009. The study shows that there is a inverted N-type of environmental Kuznets curve of the industrial waste water with the rising of industrial per capita value, but it lies in the left side of the EKC. There exists a extremely notable relationship between the industrial per capita value and produced volume of industrial solid wastes,but the curve has not come up to the turning point. In order to achieve the harmonious development between industrial economic growth and environmental pollution in Chongqing,we should establish the long-effect mechanism for environmental protection.

Abstract: For the reason of lacking corresponding restrictions in the energy conservation and emission reduction work, the phenomenon of enterprises always pursuing economic benefit unilaterally but ignoring the energy conservation and emission reduction work frequently occurs. On the above basis, in this article, we make an brief introduction to the current situation of the energy conservation and emission reduction work for enterprises in Jilin Province at the first, and then we make detailed research on relevant factors which do influence the restriction mechanism of energy conservation and emission reduction for enterprises in Jilin Province, and at the end, we put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the establishment of restriction mechanism of the energy conservation and emission reduction work for enterprises in Jilin Province.

Abstract: This paper examines the possibility of green fertilizer fallowing supporting eco (logical)-economic decision-making in farmland management. Using scenario analysis and linear programming as research methods, this paper examines farmland allocations and fertilizer use in Taiwan under different economics perspectives and fallow subsidy rates. It is concluded that in agriculture development, reconciliation between the pursuit of profit and environmental sustainability is possible. However, it is not suggested that this reconciliation be achieved via high-level fallow subsidies. Rather, it is critical that the ecological economics view of decision-making be employed in farmland management.