Advanced Materials Research Vols. 807-809

Abstract: Power function model and linear function model were commonly used to express the relationships between stand volume and biomass. However, the relative accuracy is still unclear. In order to compare the accuracy of the two types of model, field measurement data of 279 pine forest stands in China were collected from published literatures. Using the data collected, the relationships between stand volume and aboveground biomass (AGB) of Pinus koraiensis forest, Pinus armandii forest, Pinus massoniana forest, Pinus tabulaeformis forest and Pinus forest were established. The mean relative error and mean absolute values of relative errors were employed to test the errors of the established equations. The goodness-of-fit and errors of these two types of model were compared. The results show that the power function models could generally express the relationships better than the linear function models. Also, the errors of the power function models are generally lower than those of the linear function models.

Abstract: In order to estimate the carbon sequestration of Pinus tabulaeformis forests in Shanxi Province, field measurement data from 36 Pinus tabulaeformis forest stands and the 8th National Forest Resource Inventory data were collected. Using the field measurement data, the relationship between stand volume and stand biomass was established. By applying the relationship and a specific carbon concentration coefficient to the forest inventory data, the carbon sequestrations of nature and planted Pinus tabulaeformis forests in each age class were estimated respectively. The results show that the total carbon sequestration of Pinus tabulaeformis forests in Shanxi Province is 13.43 Tg (1 Tg=10¹² g). The nature forests are acting as the major carbon sink, with the carbon sequestration accounting for 64% of the total amount. Among the forests in different age classes, the mid-aged and premature forests have sequestered around 10.92 Tg C, which accounts for 81% of the total carbon sequestration.

Abstract: Thermal power plant is the main CO₂ emission source in China. This paper discusses the carbon footprint of a thermal power plant in Liaoning province of China based on LCA (Life Cycle Assessment. The reviewed thermal power plants total carbon footprint is about 6.52 million tons, of which 90.23% are from fuel combustion. The onsite emission is 5.91 million tons which depends on the power plants technology level and energy efficiency. In order to alleviate carbon emissions at the power enterprise level, an integrated effort should be taken, including the optimization of energy structures, improvement of energy efficiency and technology level. Recommendations for thermal power plant management are that companies should make full use of geographical advantages and adopt high-quality fuels actively.

Abstract: In this thesis, the Shenyang municipal government green management through research, such as actively establish a government green management concepts, build a green management service-oriented government organizations, develop green development strategy, the government green building management system and other measures to vigorously promote resource-saving and environment-friendly society model of economic development, regional economic, social, natural organic coordination and Shenyang sustainable economic development. Shenyang provide a theoretical basis to achieve "national model city of environmental construction," the goal.

Abstract: After years of rapid economic development, environmental pollution has become a big concern to the general public in China. Numerous mass protests happened because of actual or perceived environmental pollution. This article makes a case study of three recent mass protests to find the features and deeper causes of mass protests for environmental issues. It concludes that, without sufficient information disclosure, the general public may still protest and the government may yeild, even if a project followed all governmental procedures and obtained all governmental approvals. This harms both the credibility of the government and the economy, and eventually the interests of the public. Chinese government has found the deeper causes and is working on the right direction.

Abstract: This study tests for the Granger causal relationship between Japan's CO₂ emissions, outwards FDI and economic development. The results show that Japan's outwards FDI is the Granger cause of Japan's CO₂ emissions and the effect is negative, which means when Japan increase outwards FDI, Japan's environmental state will get better. So, Polluter haven hypothesis is true for Japan and developing countries should enhance their environmental standards to stop absorbing Japan's pollution intensive FDI.

Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, human cognition towards the nature has obtained great progress. They have created abundant wealth and caused serious damage to nature as well. The extent of environmental pollution has never been serious than ever before. Bad behaviors from human have initiated a series of global problems, such as natural resources shortage, ecology imbalance, population expansion, air pollution, water pollution, desertification, species extinction, acid rain, global warming, climate change, and so on. These problems have conversely threatened the existence and development of contemporary human beings and deeply influenced the development of society and its future generations. The aim for this paper is to analyze the roots of ecological crisis and explore the roadmap of harmonious development of human and nature in order to achieve sustainable development.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to explore the best coupling form of water and nitrogen in arid areas of northwest China. Field experiment was conducted in the oasis region of Shiyang River Basin, and the interactive impact of water and nitrogen nutrition on use of water and nitrogen of spring wheat was investigated. The results showed that nitrogen rate and irrigation in jointing and heading stages impacted on spring wheat yield remarkably. With nitrogen rate (168 kg/hm²), irrigation (90 mm) in jointing stage, and irrigation (70 mm) in heading stage, grain yield was higher. Water use efficiency would be high, when the irrigation in tillering and filling stages both were 30 mm. Soil mineral nitrogen accumulation was mainly nitrate nitrogen, which was positively correlated with nitrogen rate in earlier stage. Nitrogen rate and irrigation in jointing and filling stage impacted on plant nitrogen accumulation remarkably, plant nitrogen accumulation came to maximum when nitrogen rate (168 kg/hm²), irrigation (90 mm) in jointing stage and irrigation (70 mm) in filling stage were applied. And nitrogen use efficiency came to maximum under nitrogen rate (56 kg/hm²), irrigation (90 mm) in jointing stage. Considering high grain yield and use of water and nitrogen, the primary suggestion on mode of irrigation and nitrogen rate of spring wheat in Shiyang River Basin were nitrogen rate (168 kg/hm²), irrigation (90 mm) in jointing stage and irrigation (70 mm) in tillering, heading and filling stages.

Abstract: The depth variations of soil physicochemical properties in the degraded native grasslands and the artificially restored grasslands were studied in the Three-river headwater areas of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, China. The results showed: (1) With the increase of the gradient of restoration years, soil water content, total chemical properties, total potassium, phosphorus, available phosphorus and potassium were increased thereafter in the artificial grasslands. (2) With the increase of grassland degradation gradient, soil water content was gradually reduced, and the total N, K, the organic matter didnt gradually reduced also. (3) Both restoration years and degradation degree didnt influence the nutrient distribution in soil. (4) The organic matter, total N and K of degraded grassland were increased by artificial grassland construction. Therefore, artificial grassland construction canbe used as an effective measure of ecological projects in the Three-river headwater area.

Abstract: As an important component of the society, enterprises also bring a series of environmental problems when pursuing their own economic interests. Nowadays, the people pay more and more attention to the environmental protection, and urge to make the coordinated development between people and environment; therefore, the enterprises shall take their due responsibilities on the environmental protection actively, and make their own correct choices for the society and their own development.