Advanced Materials Research Vols. 838-841

Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the effect of some operating condition on the removal of NO from simulated flue gas in the lab-scale agitated bubbling reactor. The experimental results showed that NO removal efficiency went up with the increase in the molar ratios of O₃/NO and the NO removal efficiency reached 92% at 3 of molar ratio. It can also be found that the average removal efficiency was slightly affected by the reaction temperature and almost retained over 75%.

Abstract: Oily sludge is a mixture of oil and sludge, produced during the process of crude oil production and gathering, contains crude oil, heavy metal and organic toxic and harmful substances, and with the characteristics of high moisture content, poor liquidity and big volume. The recycling and disposal of it has been one of the most important aspects of enviromrntal protection in oil industry. In this paper the origin nature and hazards of oil sludge were described, the existing oily sludge treatment process from the aspects of quenched separation, heat treatment, extraction, biological treatment were introduced, and looks forward to the development of the oil sludge treatment technology.

Abstract: Regarding the iron filing as PRB padding media, this experiment researched the repair effect of iron filing to the groundwater polluted by Cr⁺⁶ on condition that different initial concentration of Cr⁶⁺ and different flow velocity, and then with the help of the data regression analysis software SPSS1stOptExcel etc, it studied the regression analysis of Cr⁶⁺ removal rate with binary linear and binary nonlinear of the initial concentration and the flow velocity. The results indicated that: the change process of Cr⁶⁺ removal rate with initial concentration and flow velocity can adopt regression model analysis of binary linear and binary nonlinear, and in this test, the decision coefficient of the regression model of binary linear (0.825) was smaller than the decision coefficient R² of binary nonlinear (0.955), which illustrated, comparing with the regression model of binary linear, the one of binary nonlinear z=(p1+p3*x+p5*Ln (y)+p7*x^2+p9*(Ln (y))^2+p11*x *Ln (y))/(1+p2*x+p4*Ln (y)+p6*x^2+p8*(Ln (y))^2+p10*x*Ln (y)) can simulate the change trend of Cr⁶⁺ removal rate with initial concentration and flow velocity better.

Abstract: Degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) by an advanced oxidation process, UV/H₂O₂, was investigated. Firstly, effect of H₂O₂ concentration, initial pH value, K₂S₂O₈ concentration and reaction time on chloramphenicol degradation by UV/H₂O₂ process was studied. In addition, all the operation parameters mentioned above were optimized. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of CAP can be obviously enhanced with increasing both H₂O₂ concentration and K₂S₂O₈ concentration. Moreover, initial pH value had unapparent impact on the efficiency of chloramphenicol degradation. Nearly complete degradation of chloramphenicol was achieved under the conditions of H₂O₂ concentration 2mM, initial pH value 7.7, K₂S₂O₈ concentration 1mM and reaction time 15min.

Abstract: Modifying crystal morphology was the key technology of the preparation of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from flue gas desulphurization gypsum using the hydrothermal method under atmospheric pressure. For exploring the mechanism of butane diacid effect on crystal morphology of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate in preparation from flue gas desulphurization gypsum, the crystal morphology, convert ratio, and reaction process of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate were studied by scanning electron microscope observation, and crystal water testing. The results showed, firstly, crystal modifier made the growth rates of crystal in all directions equal and made the crystal into hexagonal short column, by selectivity adsorbing on (111) crystal plane of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate to form buffer film layer which hindered combining and growing of crystallization unit on the crystal plane of c-axis direction. Secondly, butane diacid was a good crystal modifier. When adding butane diacid of optimal amount of 0.02%~0.05%, the crystal morphology of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate was satisfactory, the crystal length-diameter ratio was 1:1, but the convert ratio was only 91%~93%.

Abstract: Biological nitrogen removal via shortcut nitrification-denitrification is being studied by more and more engineers because of its economical advantages. This paper summarizes the progress of shortcut nitrification-denitrification on high NH₄⁺-N and low carbon source wastewater and low NH₄⁺-N and high carbon source wastewater, and raises the thought that realize shortcut nitrification-denitrification.

Abstract: To enhance sewage treatment engineering economy, LCC theory as the instruction, through comprehensive systematic analysis of the sewage treatment project construction and operation costs, economic factors affecting sewage treatment engineering, puts forward some countermeasures to improve the economics of wastewater treatment project, for the sewage treatment project construction and operation of cost control to provide theoretical support.

Abstract: Through pot experiments,the effects of various sludge loadings (0,40,80,120,200,280 t·ha^-1) on growth of maize and sewage sludge application on contents of heavy metals in the soil were studied using sewage sludge from An-ning Plant of Wastewater Treatment of Lanzhou City. The results showed land application of sewage sludge increased significantly the contents of PbCuZn in the soil. The contents of PbCuZn in the soil did not exceed the standard of Environmental quality standards for soils for Grade II (GB-1518-1995) in china. Maize obtained good growth activities after land application of sewage sludge,maize height and biomass were increased significantly and were better than the control. Land application of sewage sludge inhibited maize seedling emergence and maize root length,showing the effects of dose-effect relationship with sludge application increasing. Maize root length was restrained significantly by heavy metals in the soil, the effects of heavy metals in the soil on plant root system should be considered with land application of sewage sludge. The optimal land application of sewage sludge is 80-120 t·ha^-1.

Abstract: E-waste disposal continues to be one of the major environmental concerns across the globe. The method of disposal varies from one region to another. In developing countries, the primitive methods that are employed during the recycling activity pose severe risks to public health and the environment at large. The present study was carried out to ascertain the current practices in Guiyu and Agbogbloshie. The environmental effects of these activities were also evaluated. Prudent solutions were finally proposed. Data were extracted from peer-reviewed articles, books, and reports identified using Web of Science^SM, PubMed, Google, and document reference lists. The study indicated that the quantities of e-waste that are dumped in the respective areas are rising at an escalating rate despite a ban on the importation of this waste type. The crude methods that are adopted in both areas include manual dismantling, open burning as well as indiscriminate dumping. These activities were observed to release huge chemical contaminants into the air, water and soil. This has dire impact on the environment. The study proposed that to help curb the menace, appropriate measures must be ensured. These include the integration of the informal recycling sector into the formal sector through capacity building of the informal recyclers. Effective recycling systems must also be adopted to minimize the effects on public health and the environment. Strict regulations must also be implemented since the ban is already in place in the areas under consideration. This study adds to the effort already in place to address the issue. Considering the acute paucity of data on the e-waste practices in the respective areas especially on the amount generated as well as the environmental effects, this topic may merit further studies.

Abstract: Currently fog and haze weather has become a new kind of meteorological and environmental disaster phenomenon. Taking jinan city as an example, this paper analyzed the causes from planning view.One is the absence of traffic environmental bearing capacity in traffic planning;The second is the lack of sufficient attention to ventilation channel planning;The third is unreasonable layout of industrial land. In order to solve these problems, one hand, we should put forward some city planning countermeasures, such as developing public transit system and paying more attention to bicycle lane and sidewalk planning. On the other hand, it is evitable that automobile possession will increase with economy development, so we should pay more attention on roadway and river course ventilation planning, they are helpful for contaminant spreading by forming an atmosphere favorable to emission diffusion. Moreover industrial land should be laid in upstream of minimum wind frequency and downstream of maximum wind frequency. By these means the fog and haze weather can be controlled to some extent.