Advanced Materials Research Vols. 838-841

Abstract: Pharmaceuticals from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Kaohsiung City were sampled and analyzed in this study. The class and pharmacological nature of the discarded pharmaceuticals collected were statistically analyzed. The composition of pharmaceuticals sampled from MSW were also analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results suggested that majority people would dispose unused or slightly used pharmaceuticals in the original drug bags with other waste. This is why those discarded medications were found once in a big quantity rather than dispersed all over in small portions. This phenomenon may compromise sampling accuracy. When categorizing the medications based on their types, the top ten discarded medications were cardiovascular medications, diabetic medications, anti-inflammatory painkillers, and gastrointestinal medications. When the discarded medications were classified differently, the most frequently discarded medications were medications for chronic diseases, non-chronic disease medications, Chinese herbal medications, and other medications. The results suggested that medications for chronic diseases are more likely to be discarded than others. Except Chinese herbal medications, if the other discarded medications were classified pharmacologically, diabetic medications were discarded the most, followed by cardiovascular medications, anti-inflammatory painkillers, gastrointestinal medications, and others. Results from estimating the percentage of discarded medications based on the number of containers containing medications and empty containers showed that chronic disease medications accounted for the highest percentage (64%), followed by others (39%), non-chronic disease medications (32%), and Chinese herbal medications (21%). Even though Chinese herbal medications had the lowest disposal percentage, its potential disposal quantity was the highest. When the investigators estimated based on the pharmacological nature of the collected medication samples, they found that diabetic medications accounted for the highest percentage (80%), followed by cardiovascular medications (44%), gastrointestinal medications (40%), other (32%), and anti-inflammatory painkillers (27%). In contrast to previous questionnaire survey studies showing that cold medicine and anti-inflammatory painkillers accounted for the highest proportion, the present study suggested that chronic disease medications accounted for the highest percentage of discarded medications. An explanation for this discrepancy is that even though the disposal frequency of chronic disease medications was lower than that of cold medicine and anti-inflammatory painkillers, the one-time disposal quantity of chronic disease medications may be greater than that that of cold medicine and anti-inflammatory painkillers.

Abstract: Currently, China is in the historical period of economic system transformation and industrial structure adjustment. What kind of attitude will be adopted in dealing with the large number of industrial buildings full of historic and cultural significance is very important. This paper attempts to find the problems through combing and analyzing the large number of historic industrial heritage in Tianjin, combining with oversea experience in industrial building renovation and reuse, and then, tries to expand and improve the concept and system on the aspect of industrial architectural heritage protection.

Abstract: This paper reviews current progress and technologies of removal of chromium (Cr) from soil by washing with chelants. The applications of soil washing with chelants are noted;the major controlling factors in soil washing process are discussed; the mechanism of removal of Cr in soil using chelants is reviewed. Soil washing is one of the few permanent treatment alternatives to remove metal contaminants from soils. The chelant reagent has the most influence on washing effect.

Abstract: The gas flow status including velocity and pressure in the rectangular gas duct (before or after) electrostatic precipitator of a power plant were simulated using Fluent software. The grid accuracy which is required by simulation has been determined then the gas flow status has been analyzed through the comparison between numerical simulation results and empirical calculation results. The results show that flues inner supporting structures are the main factor of gas pressure drops and outlet velocity distrubution.

Abstract: High-concentration anaerobic fermentation of dairy manure was investigated using an anaerobic batch reactor under laboratory conditions at 20°C. Daily average productive rate of COD_VFA was used as response functions, and three factors (temperature, liquid concentration, and retention time) were selected as input variables in the process of hydrolysis and acidogenesis of dairy manure. The study used a central composite rotatable orthogonal experimental design. The influential regularities of every parameter on every index were analyzed with a single-parameter method. The ranges of temperature, liquid concentration and retention time were 25°C to 35°C, 6% to 10%,and 2 to 12 days respectively. Experimental results showed that daily average productive rate of COD_VFA was greatly influenced by temperature, with retention time a secondary influence, and liquid concentration having the least influence.

Abstract: The environmental governance behaviors of the government and the enterprise is analyzed by a game theoretical model. The Nash equilibrium is discussed under three different cases. If the government has a relatively large budget, it will satisfy its preference and the enterprise contribute nothing; if the government has a moderate budget, it will contribute all to the environmental governance while the enterprise still contribute nothing; if the government has a relatively small budget, it will contribute all, and the enterprise will spend part of its budget to satisfy its preference.

Abstract: Combination of oven and microwave and only oven are two ways to study municipal sludge,and it investigates whether different size, microwave drying pretreatment, pretreatment time and oven temperature characteristics have effect on drying characteristics. The results shows that: using microwave to dry sludge need short time, the drying rate is fast, combination of oven and microwave has higher drying rate and lower energy consumption than only oven.

Abstract: In the paper, taking the particles suspension for filtered object, the effect of the long fiber bundles bulk density on filtration efficiency was studied through the filtration experiments with the designed experimental equipment. And combining with the filtering model of long fiber bundle filter to do fluid analysis, the result show that, for the filtering velocity is 72m / h, in the filtration efficiency, filtration cycle, backwashing and other aspects of comprehensive performance of long fiber high efficient filter are best when the packed density is 73kg/m³.

Abstract: Microbial activities intensified the oxidation of sulfide and acidification of coal mine waste. We had an investigation on bactericidal effect of triclosan in this experiment, taking the pH, Eh, Fe²⁺ oxidation rate, Fe²⁺ concentration and oxidation inhibition rate as the indexes. The lab experiment shows that this bactericide is effective. When they were treated by 0.05 mmol/L triclosan, most of the acidthiobacillus ferroxidans were deactivated. Bactericide techmology could promote the revegetation of coal mine waste and reach the goal of controlling the source pollution.

Abstract: Added appropriate amount of microwave activation coal gangue intoⅠ42.5 Portland cement, there were not negative influence to Portland cement properties such as fineness, setting time, volume stability, pozzolan activity, strength by physical and mechanical experiments and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ; though there was micro expansion during hydration and hardening process, the volume stability of microwave activation coal gangue cement mixtures also could satisfy relevant state technology standards; compare to tradition thermal activation coal gangue, microwave activation coal gangue could be changed better cement additives, and could more remarkable reduce product cost and save energy.