Advanced Materials Research Vols. 838-841

Abstract: Decolorization of the Mordant red 15 dye in water was investigated in laboratory-scale experiments using potassium ferrate (VI). The effect of corresponding parameters such as reaction time, concentration of potassium ferrate, pH values and the addition of H₂O₂ were considered in the experiments. The results indicated that about 78% dye decolorization was obtained in less than 30 min under optimum conditions. The pH values and concentration of ferrate (VI) were correlated with color removal rate of Mordant red 15 dye. The optimum pH value and ferrate (VI) concentration are 5 and 450 mg/L, respectively. Addition of H₂O₂ could initiate the Fenton reaction and result in 84.46% decolorization of dye in 30 min. Due to high ability of oxidizing and flocculation, potassium ferrate (VI) is an effect way for treatment of dyes in water.

Abstract: In order to provide parent material for small-type triploid watermelon, this study has been carried out to induce high-quality tetraploid watermelon. We induced tetraploid plants of watermelon by treating the growing points of seedlings of a small-type yellow flesh diploid watermelon with 40, 60 and 100ml/L Oryzalin for different treating time. The autotetraploid plants were selected and identified basing on morphology, determination of the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells, flow cytometry analysis and hybridization. Then we observed a stable autotetraploid material. The results showed that tetraploid watermelons could be obtained under different treatments. The most effective way was extirpating the interior leaves at the 8th day after sowing, then treating the growing points of seedlings with 100mg/L Oryzalin for 6d. The treated seedlings could all survive and the induction frequency of the tetraploid watermelon was 33.33%.

Abstract: A simple and highly sensitive reference flow injection inhibited kinetic spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of trace tannin in tea and wine samples. The method was based on the enhanced sensitivity of cetylpyridinium bromide on the redox reaction between Eosine Y and KBrO₃, and on inhibitory effect of tannin on the same reaction in the sulphuric acid medium. The resulting red complex product was stable in sulphuric acidic medium and has a maximum absorption at 540 nm. The linear response range and detection limit are 0.010-0.45 mg L^-1 and 4.82μg L^-1 respectively. The sampling frequency was 20 samples per hour. The relative standard deviation for 11 determinations of 0.10mg L^-1 tannin acid was 1.78% and values of recovery in the rang of 96.7%-107.3%.The proposed method has been successfully used to determine tannin in tea and wine samples. The results obtained were compared with those provided by the FolinDenis method.

Abstract: Microbial fuel cells, also known as biological fuel cells, use bacteria to convert biodegradable materials such as wastewater pollutants into electricity. However, limited studies revealed the high bioelectricity generation using a mediator-less MFC. This study isolated an exoelectrogen E. faecium YC 201, inoculated to a mediator-less MFC and obtained a high power density. Results show that the power generation reached a maximum of 121.3 ± 4.2 mW/m² that was higher than those of other similar MFCs reported in the past literature. Substrate types significantly affected electricity generation and the optimal substrate for electricity generation was glucose. The riboflavin was identified as possible mediator for the mediator-less MFC that was self-excreted by E. faecium YC 201. To our knowledge, this is the first time to clearly reveal the electricity characteristics of exoelectrogen E. faecium YC 210.

Abstract: Pinus kesiya was cooked by diethanolamine and kraft pulping respectively. And two kinds of pulp were bleached by H₂O₂ and ClO₂ single stage and multi-stage bleaching. Then, their bleachability was compared. The results show that pinus kesiya diethanolamine pulp is difficult to achieve higher brightness only by H₂O₂ or ClO₂ single stage bleaching, and its brightness could exceed 80%ISO by OD₀ED₁ multi-stage bleaching. For diethanolamine pulp, compared with H₂O₂, ClO₂ bleaching effect is more obvious. And the increase of diethanolamine pulp brightness is less favorable than kraft pulp under these same conditions.

Abstract: Taking nitrogen dioxide from atmosphere samples in Changsha as research object, GM (1, 1) dynamic prediction model of pollutants was built based on grey system theory and automatic monitoring data (nitrogen dioxide) of 2011. Pollution status of the next year was predicted by the model. Through model testing, the model can meet actual demands with its precision level is at the second and the third rank. Comparison between the predicted data and the measured ones shows that the higher the precision level is, the more accurate the model prediction will be. It is also obtained that the GM (1, 1) dynamic prediction model not only possesses potential value for further application, but also can provide the basis of the formulation of the local regional environmental planning and implementing measures related to atmospheric pollution control.

Abstract: There is more and more environmental crisis in our beautiful earth and in our country. According to history, human can draw a correct conclusion and selection that is choosing sustainable development way to improve the harmony between human and natural world. This dissertation finds that the public to participate in Environmental Protection to solve the environment problem is capital. The author try to build a model of investment to environmental protect and carry on imitation calculation on the practical case. The model is proved to be feasible.

Abstract: According to the changes of the mixed gas flux ,porosity and burner structure,we measured the contents of CO, HC and Nitrogen Oxides in the harmful emissions of the methane burned in the micro combustor.In the micro scale, because the structure size of the burner is small, the combustion space and time is limited, CO and HC emissions are the products of incomplete combustion, nitrogen oxide are the products in local high temperature and oxygen enriched conditions.

Abstract: The corrosion status and results in a certain water injection station in Shanbei oilfield were monitored and evaluated by flow corrosion test (FCT) (with homemade corrosion test device), static corrosion test (SCT), and water tank corrosion test (WTCT). The coupons after corrosion tests were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that: the corrosion rates of SCT, FCT and WTCT were 0.0469~0.0552 mm/a, 0.5126~0.5299 mm/a, and 0.3250~0.3414 mm/a respectively; the corrosion rates SCT were much smaller than actual. The severity of pitting corrosion, pointed corrosion and other forms of local corrosion cannot be reflected by SCT. The corrosion rates and behaviors tested by homemade corrosion test device are more close and similar to the real.

Abstract: Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils at initial concentrations ranging from 20.04 to 322.06 mg·kg^-1 was investigated when planting single or mixed species, and enhancing mechanisms were analyzed. Results showed removal of PAHs in soils growing Brassica campestris and Medicago sativa significantly exceeded those vegetating single species. During 70-day experiment, about 75.06% of phenanthrene (Phe) and 68.22% of pyrene (Pyr) was removed from soils under mixed cropping; while only 31.8% and 64.03% of Phe and 27.84% and 51.93 of Pyr were removed under single rape or alfalfa cropping, respectively. Of all pathways enforcing PAHs removal, plant-microbial interactions is the most predominant. These results suggested a feasibility of the establishment of multi-species phytoremediation for improvement of remediation efficiencies of PAHs, which may decrease accumulations of PAHs in crops and thus reduce their risks.