Advanced Materials Research Vols. 864-867

Abstract: The improved preparation of D-glucosamine hydrochloride from waste hypha residue of citric acid was reported. The use of HCl and acetic acid system as an acid hydrolysis reagent led to a significant increase in the yield of D-Glucosamine hydrochloride (GluHCl). Other effects of various factors on the preparation of GluHCl were also investigated: temperature of acidification, HCl concentration, and reaction time. The experimental conditions were optimized by a L9 (34) orthogonal array design (OAD) with four factors at three levels using statistical analysis. Under optimal conditions, the yield of GluHCl reached 5.2%.

Abstract: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method was used to polysaccharides from Radix Astragali (RAP), and the orthogonal test was applied to optimize extraction conditions. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of RAP were evaluated by DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities assay. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for RAP extraction as followings: solid/liquid ratios of 1:20, extraction time of 10 min, ultrasonic power of 65 W and extraction temperature of 60°C. Meanwhile, RAP had relatively higher scavenging activities on DPPH and superoxide anion radicals.

Abstract: A study was implemented, referring to inferior banana saccharification on the glycosylation interaction of α-amylase and Aspergillus niger. During the experiment of defective banana saccharification, the interaction of the additive amount of α-amylase, Aspergillus niger, initial pH, saccharification temperature and saccharification time was analyzed. On the basis of confirmation of solid-to-liquid ratio of inferior bananas, saccharification temperature and additive amount of α-amylase, the interaction of the additive amount of Aspergillus niger, the initial pH and saccharification time in the different response surface was experimented and analyzed, then the optimal proportions of glycosylation saccharifying inferior bananas were as follows: Aspergillus niger 0.5%, saccharification time 7 h, pH 4.61. Brix of reducing sugar is 16.693 mg/g.

Abstract: Four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains named MGP1, MGP2, MGP15 and MGP17 were separated from papaya of Hainan province, which were identified bacterially using the classical classification and the sequences of 16S rRNA. The results show that MGP1, MGP2, MGP15 and MGP17 are Weissella confusa, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Lactobacillus pentosus. The strain with strongest acid production capability is MGP17. Besides we have applied MGP2, MGP15 and MGP17 in papaya pickle, and we find that pickle fermented with mixed strains obviously shortens fermentation time and reduces the nitrite content.

Abstract: Soybean enriched with selenium through foliar spraying was used to study the effect of treatment and storage on its selenium (Se) retention. Parameters such as blanching, drying mode,time of storage and storage mode were studied and evaluated to obtain effect of treatment and storage on the selenium retention of soybean in two different periods,which named soybean and edamame respectivly. After blanching in hot water, the content of Se in edamame became lower as time increased. High Se retention was found in all the four drying mode for soybean,eapecially in freeze drying.After storage in different temperature for 1,3 and 5 months,Se retention in 4°C was 99.3%,97.6% and 97.1% respectivly,while Se retention in natural temperature was 95.1%,93.9% and 91.8% respectively.

Abstract: By measuring pH, acidity, mass concentration of free amino nitrogen and viable count of lactic acid bacteria from yogurt under refrigerated conditions, to study changes in the indicators of yogurt during the shelf. The results showed that during the yogurt shelf life, pH decreased, acidity increased, viable count of Lactobacillus was on the decline, nitrogen concentration of free amino acid increased less in the beginning of the refrigeration, but the indicators were still in line with national standards.

Abstract: In tomato fruits, the number of locules varies from two to up to 10 or more. lc is relative to fruit size and locule number. As a candidate gene underlying lc, wuschel was mapped to the same region as lc. MLK1 with locule numbers up to 10 and FL1 with locule numbers 2-4, are selected to identify the type of lc loci, the expression of wuschel. MLK1 lc belongs to lc-mutant type and FL1 is lc-wild type. Wuschel is completely same in MLK1 and FL1, but expresses differentially. With the development of flower buds, wuschel expression decreased in both materials stem apex, meanwhile it was higher in MLK1 than FL1 at the corresponding development stage of flower bud. Therefore, these results suggest that wuschel is more possible for candidate gene underlying lc to regulate locule numbers. These results will provide important information for lc regulating locule number in tomato.

Abstract: Two germinated wheat varieties, Zhengmai 366 and Aikang 58, were stored under relative humidity of 70% and temperatures of 25°C and 30°C, respectively. The successive change of moisture content, germination rate, respiration and microbial activity was determined to assess the storage safety of germinated wheat during moisture absorption. Results showed that the germinated wheat absorbed moisture to the equilibrium level within 5d in the early stored period. The equilibrium moisture at 25°C was higher than at 30°C. The budded wheat exhibited higher germination rate, however, the percentage decreased distinctly as the stored period extended. The microbial activities enhanced greatly in the course of moisture absorption, when moisture equilibrium, the microbial activities dropped continuously as the stored period prolonged. Under the tested temperature, the respiration intensity of germinated wheat with 12% moisture content was weaker, whereas the wheat with 14.5% moisture content represented greater respiration than the former, and the respiration at 30°Cwas observed higher than at 25°C.

Abstract: This study employs a rapid, energy frugal and environmental friendly method to synthesize nitrogen doped titanate nanotubes (NTNTs), and uses TEM, XRD, Raman, Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy to characterize the obtained NTNTs. TEM results indicate that NTNTs retain a tubular structure with a crystalline multiwall and have a length of several hundred nanometers after nitrogen doping. XRD findings demonstrate that the crystalline structure of NTNTs was dominated by anatase, which is favored for photocatalytic application. The Ti-O-N linkage observed in the XPS N1s spectrum is mainly responsible for narrowing the band gap and eventually enhancing the visible light photoactivity. After sintering at 350 °C, the UVvis absorbance edges of NTNTs significantly shift to the visible-light region, which indicates N atom doping into the nanotubes. Photocatalytic tests conclude that the NTNTs shows good efficiency with visible light response.

Abstract: A series of novel stable and high-solid-content polyurethane were prepared by self-emulsification,use PES and PPG as mixed soft segments.Influence of APAETMS content and mole ratio of PES/PPG on properties of polyurethane dispersions and films were analyzed .Results show that: the cross-linked complex were multivariate distribution in particle size. With an increase of the mass ratio of PES and PPG and content of APAETMS average particles diameter of polyurethane dispersions became bigger , poly-dispersion became wider., solid content of dispersions decrease.. It is also noticed that the high-solid-content dispersions exhibit a pseudo-plastic behavior, when the mass ratio of PES and PPG is 1:3 and content of APAETMS is 1%, the solid content of dispersions is up to 55%. The film also has a good shape memory behavior.